Pandanus spiralis

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Family Pandanaceae

Taxonomy: Pandanus spiralis R.Br.

Synonyms: 19 (APC 2026-07-30)

Pandanus arnhemensis H.St.John (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus arnhemicus Chippend. (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus convexus H.St.John (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus damannii A.J.G.Wilson (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus dammannii Warb. (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus darwinensis H.St.John (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus darwinensis H.St.John var. darwinensis (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus darwinensis var. latifructus (H.St.John) B.C.Stone (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus integer H.St.John (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus latifructus H.St.John (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus semiarmatus H.St.John (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus spiralis R.Br. var. spiralis (nomenclatural synonym)
Pandanus spiralis var. convexus (H.St.John) B.C.Stone (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus spiralis var. flammeus B.C.Stone (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus spiralis var. multimammillatus B.C.Stone (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus spiralis var. septemloculatus B.C.Stone (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus spiralis var. thermalis (H.St.John) B.C.Stone (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus thermalis H.St.John (taxonomic synonym)
Pandanus yirrkalaensis H.St.John (taxonomic synonym)

Misapplied names: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Pandanus odoratissimus L.f. (misapplied)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (5), ABRS_2023 (8), ATRP_2020 (1), Clarke_2015 (3), Cooper_2013 (10), Crowley_2007 (1), Dong_2017 (8), Kew_2019_3 (3), Lord_1997 (2), Munroe_2019 (1), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (14), Nano_2011 (1), Rice_1991 (1), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Schmidt_2003 (65), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Stephens_2021 (2), WAH_2022_2 (33), WAH_2023_2 (12), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 43 traits from 184 records in 22 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (3) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): dioecious (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 59.75 mm (50-70 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 67.25 mm (40-100 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
fruit_height (numerical): 70 mm (40-100 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): drupe (1); multiple_fruit (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): orange (1); red (1) [sources: NTH_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 1750 mm (1000-2000 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 56.25 mm (40-70 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 235.79 g/m2 (235.79-235.79 g/m2) [sources: Dong_2017]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.1 g/g (0.07-0.13 g/g) [sources: Schmidt_2003]
leaf_shape (categorical): ensiform (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (3) [sources: Kew_2019_3; Munroe_2019; Schmidt_2003]
plant_growth_form (categorical): palmoid (14); tree (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Cooper_2013; Lord_1997; NTH_2022; Rice_1991; Schmidt_2003; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (15) [sources: ABRS_2022; NTH_2022; Schmidt_2003; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (14) [sources: ABRS_2022; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): stoloniferous (1) [sources: ABRS_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: Schmidt_2003]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: Dong_2017; Schmidt_2003]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Schmidt_2003]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (1) [sources: Lord_1997]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnyyyynnnnn (1); nnnyyyyyynnn (1) [sources: Stephens_2021]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
bud_bank_location (categorical): apical_buds (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 10.23 mg/g (3.15-13 mg/g) [sources: Dong_2017; Schmidt_2003]
leaf_delta13C (numerical): -29.63 {delta}[ppth] (-32.37--27.58 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Dong_2017; Schmidt_2003]

seed morphology

seed_length (numerical): 22 mm (15-25 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
seed_shape (categorical): fusiform (1) [sources: NTH_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 7.39 m (3-12 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NTH_2023; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Schmidt_2003	11	65	S. Schmidt and G. R. Stewart. “d15N values of tropical savanna and monsoon forest species reflect root specialisations and soil nitrogen status”. Oecologia 134 (2003), pp. 569-577. doi: 10.1007/s00442-002-1150-y.
WAH_2022_2	3	33	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
NTH_2023	10	14	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_2	1	12	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Cooper_2013	7	10	W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
ABRS_2023	6	8	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Dong_2017	8	8	N. Dong, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, S. Caddy-Retalic, A. J. Lowe, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf nitrogen from first principles: field evidence for adaptive variation with climate”. Biogeosciences 14.2 (2017), pp. 481-495. doi: 10.5194/bg-14-481-2017.
ABRS_2022	5	5	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
RussellSmith_2012	4	4	J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Clarke_2015	3	3	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Kew_2019_3	3	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Salt and water tolerance data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NTH_2022	3	3	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Lord_1997	2	2	J. Lord, J. Egan, T. Clifford, E. Jurado, M. Leishman, D. Williams, and M. Westoby. “Larger seeds in tropical floras: Consistent patterns independent of growth form and dispersal mode”. Journal of Biogeography 24 (1997), pp. 205-211. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00126.x.
Stephens_2021	1	2	R. Stephens. “Unpublished data: Flowering time data from TERN plots, Macquarie University.”. 2021.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ATRP_2020	1	1	F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Crowley_2007	1	1	G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Nano_2011	1	1	C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
Rice_1991	1	1	B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Growth form of Kakadu plant species, Macquarie University”. 1991.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.