AusTraits

Panicum effusum

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Poaceae

Taxonomy: Panicum effusum R.Br.

Synonyms: 3 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Panicum convallium F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Panicum effusum R.Br. var. effusum (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Panicum effusum var. convallium (F.Muell.) Benth. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, SA, Qld, NSW, NI, ACT, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: Carey_2003 (3), Catford_2014 (3), Cheal_2017 (5), Doherty_2021 (3), Draper_2023 (3), GrassBase_2014 (6), Hughes_1992 (3), Jurado_1991 (5), Kew_2019_1 (3), Kew_2019_5 (2), Kew_2019_6 (2), Leishman_1992 (7), Metcalfe_2020_2 (15), Mokany_2008 (43), Moore_2019_2 (55), Morgan_2011_2 (1), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (1), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (7), OReillyNugent_2018 (8), Osborne_2014 (2), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (7), SAH_2022 (4), SAH_2023 (7), Schmidt_2010 (116), Simpson_2021 (3), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Vesk_2004 (9), WAH_2022_2 (8), WAH_2023_2 (8), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (40), Williams_2011 (8). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 83 traits from 403 records in 37 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); partial_resprouting (15); resprouts (8) [sources: Carey_2003; Cheal_2017; Doherty_2021; Moore_2019_2; Simpson_2021; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Carey_2003]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): andromonoecious (1); hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_type (categorical): caryopsis (7) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006; WAH_2023_2]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (1); indehiscent (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 631.66 mm2 (162.92-2200 mm2) [sources: Catford_2014; Jurado_1991; Leishman_1992; Metcalfe_2020_2; Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; Vesk_2004]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 168.61 mm (49.5-250 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; GrassBase_2014; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 4.63 mm (2-7 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; GrassBase_2014; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 185.63 mg (9.2-612 mg) [sources: Catford_2014; Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 108.82 g/m2 (38.16-305.81 g/m2) [sources: Catford_2014; Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; OReillyNugent_2018; Vesk_2004]
  • leaf_mass_fraction (numerical): 0.28 g/g (0.23-0.33 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.34 g/g (0.28-0.42 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; Vesk_2004]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): sheathing (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (2); involute (1) [sources: RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 36.67 deg (20-68 deg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c4 (7) [sources: Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; Munroe_2019; Osborne_2014; Schmidt_2010; White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid (10); graminoid_not_tussock (2); herb (4); tussock (4) [sources: Hughes_1992; Jurado_1991; Leishman_1992; Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Schmidt_2010; Vesk_2004; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (3) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Mokany_2008; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): biennial (1); perennial (9) [sources: Cheal_2017; Leishman_1992; Moore_2019_2; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Simpson_2021; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (6) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): caespitose (1); rhizomatous (3); tufted (1) [sources: Moore_2019_2; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: Schmidt_2010]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (5) [sources: Mokany_2008; Schmidt_2010; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1); non_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (2) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (2); self (1); wind (2) [sources: Draper_2023; Metcalfe_2020_2; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (6); barochory (2) [sources: Draper_2023; Jurado_1991; Kew_2019_5; Metcalfe_2020_2; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): wind (3) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnnnny (1); yynnnnnnyyyy (1); yyyyynnnnyyy (2); yyyyyyyyyyyy (1) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014; NHNSW_2014_2; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Doherty_2021]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (2) [sources: White_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (2); vegetative (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; White_2020]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): belowground_clonal (1); rhizome (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Williams_2011]
  • storage_organ (categorical): no_storage_organ (1); rhizome (3) [sources: Leishman_1992; RBGV_2023; WAH_2023_2]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); bud-bearing_root (1); none (1); root_crown (1) [sources: Carey_2003; Doherty_2021; Moore_2019_2; Simpson_2021]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 10.9 mg/g (9.11-12.58 mg/g) [sources: Schmidt_2010]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.93 mg/g (0.65-1.53 mg/g) [sources: Schmidt_2010]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -13.18 {delta}[ppth] (-14.17--12.4 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Osborne_2014; Schmidt_2010]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.55 mg (0.36-0.72 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1992; Metcalfe_2020_2; Morgan_2011_2]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Schmidt_201020116S. Schmidt, R. E. Lamble, R. J. Fensham, and I. Siddique. “Effect of woody vegetation clearing on nutrient and carbon relations of semi-arid dystrophic savanna”. Plant and Soil 331.1-2 (2009), pp. 79-90. doi: 10.1007/s11104-009-0233-5.
Moore_2019_21255N. A. Moore, J. S. Camac, and J. W. Morgan. “Effects of drought and fire on resprouting capacity of 52 temperate Australian perennial native grasses”. New Phytologist 221.3 (2018), pp. 1424-1433. doi: 10.1111/nph.15480.
Mokany_20081943K. Mokany and J. Ash. “Are traits measured on pot grown plants representative of those in natural communities?”. Journal of Vegetation Science 19 (2008), pp. 119-126. doi: 10.3170/2007-8-18340.
White_20202040M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Metcalfe_2020_21515D. Metcalfe. “Unpublished data: Traits of Poaceae spp, CSIRO”. 2020.
Vesk_200449P. A. Vesk, M. R. Leishman, and M. Westoby. “Simple traits do not predict grazing response in Australian dry shrublands and woodlands”. Journal of Applied Ecology 41.1 (2004), pp. 22-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00857.x.
OReillyNugent_201828A. O'Reilly-Nugent, E. Wandrag, C. Catford, B. Gruber, D. Driscoll, and R. Duncan. “Measuring competitive impact: Joint-species modelling of invaded plant communities”. Journal of Ecology 108 (2018), pp. 449-459.
WAH_2022_248Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_238Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Williams_201188R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Leishman_199277M. R. Leishman and M. Westoby. “Classifying plants into groups on the basis of associations of individual traits-Evidence from Australian semi-arid woodlands”. Journal of Ecology 80 (1992), pp. 417-424. doi: 10.2307/2260687.
NHNSW_202367N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202377VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_202357S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
GrassBase_201436W. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, and K. H. &. H. Williamson. GrassBase - The online world grass flora. 2006. url: http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html.
Cheal_201755D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Jurado_199155E. Jurado. “Diaspore weight, dispersal, growth form and perenniality of central Australian plants”. Journal of Ecology 79 (1991), pp. 811-828.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_202244S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Carey_200333A. C. &. M. E. &. P. H. &. M. L. &. T. M. &. P. O. &. S. S. &. D. S. &. N. Webb. Wildfires in the ACT 2003: Report on Initial Impacts on Natural Ecosystems. Technical Report No. 17. Environment ACT, 2003. url: https://www.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2539593/17-wildfires-in-the-act-report-on-initial-impacts-on-natural-ecosystems-2003.pdf.
Catford_201433J. A. Catford, W. K. Morris, P. A. Vesk, C. J. Gippel, and B. J. Downes. “Species and environmental characteristics point to flow regulation and drought as drivers of riparian plant invasion”. Diversity and Distributions 20 (2014), pp. 1084-1096. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12225.
Doherty_202133M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Hughes_199233L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Kew_2019_113Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Simpson_202133K. J. Simpson, E. C. Jardine, S. Archibald, E. J. Forrestel, C. E. R. Lehmann, G. H. Thomas, and C. P. Osborne. “Resprouting grasses are associated with less frequent fire than seeders”. New Phytologist 230 (2021), pp. 832-844. doi: 10.1111/nph.17069.
Kew_2019_512Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_612Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Osborne_201422C. Osborne, A. Salomaa, T. Kluyver, V. Visser, E. Kellogg, O. Morrone, M. Vorontsova, W. Clayton, and D. Simpson. “A global database of C4 photosynthesis in grasses”. New Phytologist 204 (2014), pp. 441-446. doi: 10.1111/nph.12942.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Morgan_2011_211J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Trait database, La Trobe University”. 2011.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
NHNSW_201411Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/search/simple.htm.
NHNSW_2014_211Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.