AusTraits

Pisonia aculeata

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Nyctaginaceae

Taxonomy: Pisonia aculeata L.

Synonyms: none listed in the APC 2026-07-30

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (5), ABRS_2023 (11), ATRP_2020 (1), Butler_2004 (4), Clarke_2015 (1), Cooper_2013 (10), Crowley_2007 (2), Hyland_2003 (1), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kew_2019_3 (2), Kew_2019_6 (5), Kooyman_2011 (11), Metcalfe_2009 (16), NHNSW_2014_2 (2), NHNSW_2016 (2), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (12), NTH_2014 (4), NTH_2022 (1), NTH_2023 (11), Nano_2011 (2), Sjostrom_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (7). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 49 traits from 128 records in 28 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (4) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Metcalfe_2009; Nano_2011]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): dioecious (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 14 mm (5-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 2.67 mm (2-4 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): achene (1); nut (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2); fleshy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; Metcalfe_2009; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 9870 mm2 (5040-14700 mm2) [sources: Metcalfe_2009; NHNSW_2016]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 87.5 mm (20-120 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 45 mm (10-70 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 2.17 cm (1-2.5 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (3); ovate (3); widely_ovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2014]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): opposite (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Kew_2019_3; Metcalfe_2009]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): climber (3); climber_herbaceous (3); climber_woody (4); shrub (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; Metcalfe_2009; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Metcalfe_2009; NHNSW_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Hyland_2003; NHNSW_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): climbing (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NTH_2014]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • root_structure (categorical): mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): bee (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (1); epizoochory (2) [sources: Butler_2004; Metcalfe_2009; NHNSW_2016]
  • dispersers (categorical): animals (1) [sources: Butler_2004]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnyyyynnn (1); nnnnyyyynnnn (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2014; WAH_1998]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (2) [sources: Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 128.27 mg (33.31-210 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Metcalfe_2009]
  • seed_length (numerical): 8 mm (4-12 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 2.25 mm (1-3 mm) [sources: Butler_2004; Kooyman_2011]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Metcalfe_20091616E. Laliberte, J. A. Wells, F. DeClerck, D. J. Metcalfe, C. P. Catterall, C. Queiroz, I. Aubin, S. P. Bonser, Y. Ding, J. M. Fraterrigo, S. McNamara, J. W. Morgan, D. S. Merlos, P. A. Vesk, and M. M. Mayfield. “Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and response diversity in plant communities”. Ecology Letters 13.1 (2010), pp. 76-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01403.x.
NHNSW_2023812N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ABRS_2023911Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Kooyman_2011811R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
NTH_20231011D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Cooper_2013810W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
eFLOWER_Dun_202277L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
ABRS_202255Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Kew_2019_615Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Butler_200444D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
NTH_201444Northern Territory Herbarium. Flora of the Darwin Region Online. 2014. url: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium/darwin_flora_online.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Crowley_200722G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_322Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Salt and water tolerance data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_2014_222Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_201622National Herbarium of NSW. Trait measurements for NSW rainforest species from PLantNET. 2016. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Nano_201122C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ATRP_202011F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Clarke_201511P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Hyland_200311B. P. M. Hyland, T. Whiffin, D. Christophel, B. Gray, and R. W. Elick. Australian tropical rain forest plants trees, shrubs and vines. CSIRO Publishing, 2003. ISBN: 0643068724.
NTH_202211D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.