AusTraits

Pittosporum spinescens

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Family Pittosporaceae

Taxonomy: Pittosporum spinescens (F.Muell.) L.W.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford

Synonyms: 10 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Citriobatus megacarpus F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Citriobatus papuanus Schodde (taxonomic synonym)
  • Citriobatus pauciflora Loudon (taxonomic synonym)
  • Citriobatus pauciflorus A.Cunn. ex Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Citriobatus pauciflorus Ettingsh. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Citriobatus pauciflorus Ettingsh. var. pauciflorus (taxonomic synonym)
  • Citriobatus pauciflorus Putt. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Citriobatus pauciflorus var. kennyi F.M.Bailey (taxonomic synonym)
  • Citriobatus spinescens (F.Muell.) Druce (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Ixiosporum spinescens F.Muell. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (19), ANBG_2019 (5), ATRP_2020 (1), Butler_2004 (5), Clarke_2009 (3), Clarke_2015 (11), Cooper_2013 (18), Fonseca_2000 (17), Gross_2005 (3), Hughes_1992 (5), Hughes_2005 (5), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kooyman_2011 (13), Laxton_2005 (18), Leishman_1993 (1), Leishman_1995 (7), NHNSW_2014_2 (6), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (18), NSWFRD_2014 (4), Pickup_2005 (5), RadfordSmith_2024 (33), Sjostrom_2006 (3), Smith_1996 (85), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2004 (13), White_2020 (20), Wright_2000 (5). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 85 traits from 339 records in 32 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (2); resprouts (4) [sources: Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (4) [sources: Clarke_2015]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): white_cream (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): monoecious (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 28.33 mm (10-50 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 28.33 mm (10-50 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 27.5 mm (15-50 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): berry (4); capsule (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (1); fleshy (5) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Leishman_1995; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (1); indehiscent (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): black (1); brown (1); orange (1); yellow (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 48.11 mm2 (6-102.94 mm2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Laxton_2005; Leishman_1995; Pickup_2005; RadfordSmith_2024; Smith_1996; Westoby_2004]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 10.19 mm (2-20 mm) [sources: Smith_1996; ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 6.05 mm (1-10 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Smith_1996; ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 2.71 mg (1.05-7.1 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000; RadfordSmith_2024; Smith_1996]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 60.73 g/m2 (39.98-104.36 g/m2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Laxton_2005; Leishman_1995; Pickup_2005; RadfordSmith_2024; Smith_1996; Westoby_2004]
  • leaf_area_ratio (numerical): 6.82 mm2/mg (6.82-6.82 mm2/mg) [sources: Pickup_2005]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.46 g/g (0.39-0.55 g/g) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024; Smith_1996]
  • leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.36 g/g (1.1-1.56 g/g) [sources: Smith_1996]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): obovate (2); obtriangular (1); spathulate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (1); unlobed (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; Westoby_2004]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_arrangement (categorical): clustered (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 22.5 deg (5-45 deg) [sources: Smith_1996]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (12); tree (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Butler_2004; Clarke_2009; Cooper_2013; Fonseca_2000; Hughes_1992; Kooyman_2011; Leishman_1995; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1) [sources: WAH_2022_2]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (5) [sources: Butler_2004; Hughes_1992; Leishman_1995; RadfordSmith_2024; White_2020]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (1); mammals (1); vertebrates (2) [sources: Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Leishman_1995; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyy (1); nyyyyyyyyyyy (1); yynnnnnnyyyn (1); yynnnnnnyyyy (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • serotiny (categorical): not_serotinous (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (2); bud-bearing_root (3); epicormic_buds (1); none (1) [sources: Clarke_2009; Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014]
nutrient and stable isotope
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 8.48 mg (6.18-12.68 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1993; Leishman_1995]
  • seed_length (numerical): 3.31 mm (2-4 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 2.48 mm (2-2.94 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Butler_2004; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_shape (categorical): hemispheric (1); reniform (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; ANBG_2019]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.69 mg/mm3 (0.58-0.75 mg/mm3) [sources: Hughes_2005; Pickup_2005; RadfordSmith_2024; Westoby_2004]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Pickup_2005]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 637 {count}/mm2 (637-637 {count}/mm2) [sources: Hughes_2005]
  • stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 12 um (12-12 um) [sources: Hughes_2005]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.09 mm2/mm2 (0.09-0.09 mm2/mm2) [sources: Hughes_2005]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Smith_19961785B. Smith. “Community-level convergence and community structure of temperate Nothofagus forests”. PhD. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 1996. url: http://web.nateko.lu.se/personal/benjamin.smith/thesis/thesis.html.
RadfordSmith_20241433J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
White_20202020M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
ABRS_20231419Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Cooper_20131118W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Laxton_2005918E. Laxton. “Relationship between leaf traits, insect communities and resource availability”. PhD. Macquarie University, 2005. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/483.
NHNSW_20231318N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Fonseca_2000517C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
Kooyman_2011913R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Westoby_2004413M. Westoby. “Unpublished data: Trait data for plant species at Mt Wellington and Sea Acres, Macquarie University”. 2004.
Clarke_2015311P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Leishman_199577M. R. Leishman, M. Westoby, and E. Jurado. “Correlates of seed size variation: A comparison among five temperate floras”. Journal of Ecology 83 (1995), pp. 517-529. doi: 10.2307/2261604.
NHNSW_2014_236Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ANBG_201955Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Butler_200455D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
Hughes_199255L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Hughes_200555K. Hughes. “Unpublished data: Wood and stem density data for Australian plant species, Macquarie University”. 2005.
Pickup_200555M. Pickup, M. Westoby, and A. Basden. “Dry mass costs of deploying leaf area in relation to leaf size”. Functional Ecology 19.1 (2005), pp. 88-97. doi: 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2005.00927.x.
Wright_200055I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
NSWFRD_201444B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_200923P. J. Clarke, K. J. E. Knox, M. L. Campbell, and L. M. Copeland. “Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion”. Cunninghamia 11 (2009), pp. 221-239. doi: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/4907.
Gross_200533C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200633A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ATRP_202011F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Leishman_199311M. Leishman. “Unpublished data: Seed mass data for Sydney species, Macquarie University”. 1990.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.