AusTraits

Pittosporum undulatum

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Pittosporaceae

Taxonomy: Pittosporum undulatum Vent.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Pittosporum undulatum Vent. subsp. undulatum (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld, NSW (native and naturalised), LHI (naturalised), NI (naturalised), Vic (native and naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (23), ANBG_2019 (9), Baker_2019 (2), Benwell_2024 (4), Butler_2004 (5), Campbell_2006 (6), Clarke_2009 (3), Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Cooper_2013 (15), Fonseca_2000 (17), Gosper_2004 (2), Hughes_1992 (4), Ilic_2000 (1), Jin_2019 (185), Kew_2019_1 (5), Kew_2019_5 (1), Kooyman_2011 (14), Kotowska_2020 (189), Kubiak_2009 (5), Leishman_1993 (1), Leishman_1995 (7), Leishman_2007 (18), McGlone_2015 (6), Mesaglio_2022 (2), Morgan_2011_1 (5), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (21), NSWFRD_2014 (10), Niinemets_2009 (50), Pickup_2021 (30), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (24), RadfordSmith_2024 (39), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (25), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Stewart_1995 (8), Tsujii_2023 (13), WAH_2022_1 (3), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2004 (13), White_2020 (18), Wright_2000 (4), Wright_2009 (26), Yang_2023 (6). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 138 traits from 850 records in 51 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (2); partial_resprouting (8); resprouts (4) [sources: Baker_2019; Benwell_2024; Campbell_2006; Clarke_2015; Kubiak_2009; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Yang_2023]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (8); post_fire_recruitment_absent (3) [sources: Benwell_2024; Campbell_2006; Clarke_2015; Pickup_2021; Yang_2023]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): dioecious (1); trioecious (1) [sources: RBGV_2022; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 10.88 mm (8-14 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 11.2 mm (8-15 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 11.5 mm (8-15 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): berry (1); capsule (7) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2); fleshy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (6); indehiscent (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): brown (3); orange (4); yellow (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 2392.69 mm2 (1303.88-3923.7 mm2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Jin_2019; Leishman_1995; Niinemets_2009; RadfordSmith_2024; Westoby_2004]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 119.17 mm (60-170 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 36.81 mm (10-50 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 268.53 mg (136.82-410 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.72 cm (1.2-2.6 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 127.93 g/m2 (49.82-1087.85 g/m2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Kotowska_2020; Leishman_1995; Leishman_2007; Niinemets_2009; RadfordSmith_2024; Tsujii_2023; Westoby_2004]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.42 g/g (0.37-0.47 g/g) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: Stewart_1995]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (2); narrowly_obovate (1); oblanceolate (2); obovate (1); obtriangular (1); ovate (2); widely_elliptical (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (3); toothed (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (1); undulate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (1); unlobed (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (6) [sources: Kooyman_2011; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Westoby_2004]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): undulate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (3); whorled (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_arrangement (categorical): clustered (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Stewart_1995; White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (6); tree (26) [sources: ABRS_2022; Butler_2004; Campbell_2006; Clarke_2009; Cooper_2013; Fonseca_2000; Hughes_1992; Kooyman_2011; Leishman_1995; Leishman_2007; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Stewart_1995; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (1) [sources: Morgan_2011_1]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (8) [sources: ABRS_2022; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (3) [sources: Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024; Stewart_1995]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: Stewart_1995; White_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (4); myrmecochory (1); zoochory (3) [sources: Butler_2004; Kew_2019_5; Leishman_1995; Morgan_2011_1; NSWFRD_2014; RadfordSmith_2024; White_2020]
  • dispersers (categorical): ants (1); birds (3); vertebrates (4) [sources: Butler_2004; Campbell_2006; Cooper_2013; Leishman_1995; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnynnn (1); nnnnnnnnyyyn (2); nnnnnnnyynnn (2); nnnnnnnyyynn (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; Hughes_1992; Mesaglio_2022; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): none (6); soil_seedbank (2) [sources: Benwell_2024; Campbell_2006; Pickup_2021]
  • serotiny (categorical): not_serotinous (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (8) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): physiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (3) [sources: Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2014_2; White_2020]
  • storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: Yang_2023]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (2); basal_stem_buds (3); bud-bearing_root (1); rhizome (1) [sources: Baker_2019; Campbell_2006; Clarke_2009; Clarke_2015; Yang_2023]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 13.96 mg/g (11.69-18.69 mg/g) [sources: Kotowska_2020; Leishman_2007; Niinemets_2009; Tsujii_2023]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.92 mg/g (0.66-2.07 mg/g) [sources: Kotowska_2020; Leishman_2007; Niinemets_2009; Tsujii_2023]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -27.96 {delta}[ppth] (-29.53--26.24 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Niinemets_2009; Stewart_1995]
physiology
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 6.34 mg (2.95-13.17 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1993; Leishman_1995]
  • seed_length (numerical): 2.99 mm (1-4.5 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 1.5 mm (1-2.23 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Butler_2004; Kooyman_2011; SAH_2023]
  • seed_shape (categorical): polyhedral (1); reniform (1) [sources: ANBG_2019; RBGV_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.67 mg/mm3 (0.47-0.74 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000; Kooyman_2011; Kotowska_2020; RadfordSmith_2024; Westoby_2004]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Kotowska_2020]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 96.29 {count}/mm2 (46.46-150.18 {count}/mm2) [sources: Kotowska_2020]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.1 mm2/mm2 (0.07-0.13 mm2/mm2) [sources: Kotowska_2020]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 13.6 m (3-25 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Hughes_1992; Kooyman_2011; Leishman_1995; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; WAH_2023_2]
  • plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Kotowska_202022189M. M. Kotowska, I. J. Wright, and M. Westoby. “Parenchyma abundance in wood of evergreen trees varies independently of nutrients”. Frontiers in Plant Science 11 (2020), p. art86. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00086.
Jin_20192185D. Jin and D. Hochuli. “Unpublished data: Urbanisation increases arthropod abundance and herbivory on a native weed, University of Sydney”. 2019.
Niinemets_20092650Ü. Niinemets, I. J. Wright, and J. R. Evans. “Leaf mesophyll diffusion conductance in 35 Australian sclerophylls covering a broad range of foliage structural and physiological variation”. Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (2009), pp. 2433-2449. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp045.
RadfordSmith_20241439J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
Pickup_2021530M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
Wright_20091326I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Leaf pigment and reflectance data for sclerophylls, Macquarie University”. 2009.
SAH_20231725S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
RBGV_20231824VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
ABRS_20231623Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_20231721N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Leishman_2007818M. R. Leishman, T. Haslehurst, A. Ares, and Z. Baruch. “Leaf trait relationships of native and invasive plants: community- and global-scale comparisons”. New Phytologist 176.3 (2007), pp. 635-643. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02189.x.
White_20201818M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Fonseca_2000517C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
Cooper_20131215W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Kooyman_20111014R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Tsujii_20231313Y. Tsujii, B. J. Atwell, H. Lambers, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf phosphorus fractions vary with leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species”. New Phytologist 241.5 (2024), pp. 1985-1997. ISSN: 1469-8137. doi: 10.1111/nph.19513.
Westoby_2004413M. Westoby. “Unpublished data: Trait data for plant species at Mt Wellington and Sea Acres, Macquarie University”. 2004.
NSWFRD_2014810B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
ANBG_201949Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Stewart_199568G. Stewart, M. Turnbull, S. Schmidt, and P. Erskine. “13C natural abundance in plant communities along a rainfall gradient: a biological integrator of water availability”. Functional Plant Biology 22.1 (1995), pp. 51-55. doi: 10.1071/pp9950051.
Leishman_199577M. R. Leishman, M. Westoby, and E. Jurado. “Correlates of seed size variation: A comparison among five temperate floras”. Journal of Ecology 83 (1995), pp. 517-529. doi: 10.2307/2261604.
Campbell_200666M. L. Campbell and P. J. Clarke. “Response of montane wet sclerophyll forest understorey species to fire- evidence from high and low intensity fires”. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 127 (2006), pp. 63-73. doi: unknown.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
Yang_202346S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
Butler_200455D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
Kew_2019_115Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kubiak_200945P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Morgan_2011_155J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Grassy woodland traits, La Trobe University”. 2011.
Benwell_202444A. Benwell. “Fire responses of flora in a sclerophyll-rainforest vegetation complex in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales”. Australian Journal of Botany 72.1 (2024). Ed. by D. Williams. ISSN: 1444-9862. doi: 10.1071/bt23049.
Hughes_199244L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Wright_200044I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_200923P. J. Clarke, K. J. E. Knox, M. L. Campbell, and L. M. Copeland. “Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion”. Cunninghamia 11 (2009), pp. 221-239. doi: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/4907.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
NHNSW_2014_233Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
SAH_202233S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_133Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Baker_201922A. Baker. “Unpublished data: Post-fire fire-response surveys on the NSW north coast, Southern Cross University”. 2019.
Gosper_200412C. R. Gosper. “Fruit characteristics of invasive bitou bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Asteraceae), and a comparison with co-occurring native plant species”. Australian Journal of Botany 52.2 (2004), pp. 223-230. doi: 10.1071/bt03046.
Mesaglio_202212T. Mesaglio. “Unpublished data: Comprehensive biodiversity survey of Wategora Reserve and Everley Park along Duck River, western Sydney”. 2022. doi: 10.32942/X29886.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Ilic_200011J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Kew_2019_511Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Leishman_199311M. Leishman. “Unpublished data: Seed mass data for Sydney species, Macquarie University”. 1990.
WAH_2023_211Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.