Rytidosperma penicillatum

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Family Poaceae

Taxonomy: Rytidosperma penicillatum (Labill.) Connor & Edgar

Synonyms: 7 (APC 2026-07-30)

Arundo penicillata Labill. (nomenclatural synonym)
Austrodanthonia penicillata (Labill.) H.P.Linder (nomenclatural synonym)
Danthonia penicillata (Labill.) R.Br. ex P.Beauv. (nomenclatural synonym)
Danthonia penicillata (Labill.) R.Br. ex P.Beauv. var. penicillata (nomenclatural synonym)
Danthonia penicillata (Labill.) Spreng. (nomenclatural synonym)
Danthonia racemosa var. penicillata (Labill.) Benth. (nomenclatural synonym)
Notodanthonia penicillata (Labill.) Zotov (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (3), Cheal_2017 (8), Draper_2023 (2), GrassBase_2014 (8), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_6 (4), Mokany_2015 (2), Morgan_2011_1 (5), NHNSW_2014 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (8), NSWFRD_2014 (4), Osborne_2014 (1), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (7), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (36), Williams_2011 (10). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 53 traits from 129 records in 23 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (2) [sources: Cheal_2017; NSWFRD_2014]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1) [sources: Cheal_2017]
fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 12 mo (12-12 mo) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): red_brown (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
sex_type (categorical): andromonoecious (1); hermaphrodite (1); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 2.05 mm (1.8-2.3 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): caryopsis (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 818.65 mm2 (818.65-818.65 mm2) [sources: Mokany_2015]
leaf_length (numerical): 103 mm (2-150 mm) [sources: GrassBase_2014; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 1.75 mm (1-2 mm) [sources: GrassBase_2014; RBGV_2023]
leaf_shape (categorical): filiform (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): conduplicate (1); flat (2); involute (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (3); c4 (1) [sources: Osborne_2014; White_2020; Williams_2011]
plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid (2); herb (4); tussock (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (2) [sources: Morgan_2011_1; Williams_2011]
life_history (categorical): perennial (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cheal_2017; Jordan_2001; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): caespitose (2); erect (1); rhizomatous (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (3) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (2) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (2); self (1); wind (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): epizoochory (5) [sources: Draper_2023; Morgan_2011_1; White_2020; Williams_2011]
dispersers (categorical): mammals (2) [sources: White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): ynnnnnnnnnnn (1); yynnnnnnyyyy (4) [sources: NHNSW_2014; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (2); transient (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (2); vegetative (1) [sources: Morgan_2011_1; White_2020]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.89 mg (0.89-0.89 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 5.08 mm (1.8-8 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001; GrassBase_2014]
seed_width (numerical): 1.5 mm (1.5-1.5 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.5 m (0.12-0.75 m) [sources: GrassBase_2014; Mokany_2015; NHNSW_2023]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (2) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
White_2020	18	36	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Williams_2011	10	10	R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Cheal_2017	8	8	D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
GrassBase_2014	4	8	W. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, and K. H. &. H. Williamson. GrassBase - The online world grass flora. 2006. url: http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html.
NHNSW_2023	7	8	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Jordan_2001	7	7	G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
RBGV_2023	7	7	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Morgan_2011_1	5	5	J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Grassy woodland traits, La Trobe University”. 2011.
ABRS_2022	4	4	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Kew_2019_6	1	4	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_2022	4	4	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_2014	4	4	B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
RBGV_2022	4	4	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_2023	2	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_2014_2	3	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Draper_2023	2	2	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Mokany_2015	2	2	K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_2014	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/search/simple.htm.
Osborne_2014	1	1	C. Osborne, A. Salomaa, T. Kluyver, V. Visser, E. Kellogg, O. Morrone, M. Vorontsova, W. Clayton, and D. Simpson. “A global database of C4 photosynthesis in grasses”. New Phytologist 204 (2014), pp. 441-446. doi: 10.1111/nph.12942.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.