AusTraits

Santalum lanceolatum

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Santalaceae

Taxonomy: Santalum lanceolatum R.Br.

Synonyms: 10 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Santalum lanceolatum R.Br. var. lanceolatum (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Santalum lanceolatum var. angustifolium Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Santalum lanceolatum var. oblongatum (R.Br.) Domin (taxonomic synonym)
  • Santalum lanceolatum var. typicum Domin (taxonomic synonym)
  • Santalum lanceolatum var. venosum (R.Br.) F.M.Bailey (taxonomic synonym)
  • Santalum lanceolatum var. venosum F.M.Bailey (taxonomic synonym)
  • Santalum leptocladum Gand. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Santalum megacarpum Gand. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Santalum oblongatum R.Br. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Santalum venosum R.Br. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, SA, Qld, NSW, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (1), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (19), ANBG_2019 (4), ATRP_2020 (1), Chen_2017 (4), Clarke_2015 (6), Collette_2021 (1), Cooper_2013 (11), Crowley_2007 (2), Curtis_2012 (14), Dong_2017 (8), Draper_2023 (3), Dwyer_2018 (11), Gross_2005 (4), Ilic_2000 (2), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kew_2019_6 (1), Kooyman_2011 (10), McGlone_2015 (6), Moles_2003 (4), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (5), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (15), NSWFRD_2014 (6), NTH_2014 (4), NTH_2022 (4), NTH_2023 (11), Nano_2011 (4), Pate_1998 (6), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (20), RadfordSmith_2024 (39), RussellSmith_2012 (4), SAH_2014 (4), SAH_2022 (4), SAH_2023 (10), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Stewart_1995 (8), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (38), Wright_2000 (3). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 84 traits from 330 records in 48 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (9) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (2); post_fire_recruitment_absent (2) [sources: Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014; Nano_2011]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): green (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 11.88 mm (7-17 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 8.83 mm (7-12 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 8.5 mm (7-10 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): drupe (9) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (4) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (4) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): blue (3); purple (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 510.74 mm2 (446.26-688.51 mm2) [sources: Curtis_2012; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 69.09 mm (20-117 mm) [sources: Curtis_2012; McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 18.25 mm (5-35 mm) [sources: Curtis_2012; McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 116.11 mg (78.32-134.2 mg) [sources: Curtis_2012; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.61 cm (0.2-1 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 188.88 g/m2 (163.84-210.06 g/m2) [sources: Curtis_2012; Dong_2017; Dwyer_2018; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.43 g/g (0.3-0.53 g/g) [sources: Curtis_2012; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: Stewart_1995]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); lanceolate (1); narrowly_elliptical (5); narrowly_lanceolate (1); narrowly_ovate (2); ovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2014_2; NTH_2014; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): opposite (3) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (5) [sources: Munroe_2019; Pate_1998; Stewart_1995; White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (13); tree (11) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Cooper_2013; Curtis_2012; Kooyman_2011; McGlone_2015; Moles_2003; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; NTH_2022; Pate_1998; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Stewart_1995; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (10) [sources: ABRS_2022; Curtis_2012; Moles_2003; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; Pate_1998; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (2) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (5) [sources: ABRS_1981; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2014; RadfordSmith_2024; Stewart_1995]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (5) [sources: Dong_2017; Pate_1998; Stewart_1995; White_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): hemiparasitic (1); parasitic (4); root_parasitic (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2014_2; NTH_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (3) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (3) [sources: Draper_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; White_2020]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (1); vertebrates (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnyyyyy (2); ynnnnnnyyyyy (1); yyyyyynnnnnn (1); yyyyyyyyyynn (1); yyyyyyyyyyyy (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; NTH_2014; WAH_1998; White_2020]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1); transient (2) [sources: RussellSmith_2012; White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): morphophysiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • seed_viability (numerical): 0.73 {count}/{count} (0.73-0.73 {count}/{count}) [sources: Moles_2003]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): vegetative (2) [sources: White_2020]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (3); bud-bearing_root (2); rhizome (2); underground_buds (1) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 17.17 mg/g (17.17-17.17 mg/g) [sources: Dong_2017]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -27.19 {delta}[ppth] (-27.85--26.5 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Dong_2017; Pate_1998; Stewart_1995]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 155.75 mg (46.53-234.76 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1]
  • seed_length (numerical): 7 mm (5-9 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 6 mm (4-8 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.74 mg/mm3 (0.57-0.87 mg/mm3) [sources: Dwyer_2018; Ilic_2000; RadfordSmith_2024]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
RadfordSmith_20241439J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
White_20202038M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
RBGV_20231520VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
ABRS_20231419Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_20231015N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Curtis_20121414E. M. Curtis, A. Leigh, and S. Rayburg. “Relationships among leaf traits of Australian arid zone plants: alternative modes of thermal protection”. Australian Journal of Botany 60.6 (2012), pp. 471-483. doi: 10.1071/bt11284.
Cooper_2013911W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Dwyer_2018211J. M. Dwyer and R. Mason. “Plant community responses to thinning in densely regenerating Acacia harpophylla forest”. Restoration Ecology 26.1 (2018), pp. 97-105. doi: 10.1111/rec.12536.
NTH_2023711D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Kooyman_2011810R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
SAH_2023910S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Dong_201788N. Dong, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, S. Caddy-Retalic, A. J. Lowe, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf nitrogen from first principles: field evidence for adaptive variation with climate”. Biogeosciences 14.2 (2017), pp. 481-495. doi: 10.5194/bg-14-481-2017.
Stewart_199568G. Stewart, M. Turnbull, S. Schmidt, and P. Erskine. “13C natural abundance in plant communities along a rainfall gradient: a biological integrator of water availability”. Functional Plant Biology 22.1 (1995), pp. 51-55. doi: 10.1071/pp9950051.
Clarke_201536P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
NSWFRD_201466B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Pate_199866J. S. Pate, M. J. Unkovich, P. D. Erskine, and G. R. Stewart. “Australian mulga ecosystems- 13C and 15N natural abundances of biota components and their ecophysiological significance”. Plant, Cell and Environment 21.12 (1998), pp. 1231-1242. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00359.x.
NHNSW_2014_255Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
ANBG_201924Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Gross_200544C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
Moles_200344A. T. Moles, D. I. Warton, and M. Westoby. “Seed size and survival in the soil in arid Australia”. Austral Ecology 28.5 (2003), pp. 575-585. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01314.x.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NTH_201444Northern Territory Herbarium. Flora of the Darwin Region Online. 2014. url: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium/darwin_flora_online.
NTH_202244D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Nano_201134C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
RussellSmith_201244J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
SAH_201424J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
SAH_202244S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_200624L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Wright_200033I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Crowley_200722G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Ilic_200012J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ABRS_198111B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
ATRP_202011F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Kew_2019_611Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.