AusTraits

Santalum spicatum

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Santalaceae

Taxonomy: Santalum spicatum (R.Br.) A.DC.

Synonyms: 10 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Eucarya spicata (R.Br.) Sprague & Summerh. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Fusanus diversifolius Miq. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Fusanus spicatus R.Br. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Fusanus spicatus R.Br. var. spicatus (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Fusanus spicatus var. frutescens Hochr. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Mida cignorum Kuntze (taxonomic synonym)
  • Mida cygnorum (Miq.) Kuntze (taxonomic synonym)
  • Mida spicata (F.Muell.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Santalum cygnorum Miq. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Santalum diversifolium (Miq.) A.DC. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, SA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, SA eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (1), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (18), Barrett_2009 (9), Chen_2017 (4), Collette_2021 (1), Draper_2023 (3), Ilic_2000 (3), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kew_2019_6 (2), Munroe_2019 (1), Pate_1998 (6), SAH_2014 (4), SAH_2022 (4), SAH_2023 (16), Shedley_2007 (9), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Staples_2019 (75), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (20). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 58 traits from 200 records in 25 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (3); resprouts (1) [sources: Barrett_2009; Shedley_2007; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (3) [sources: Barrett_2009; Shedley_2007]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 20 mm (15-25 mm) [sources: SAH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 18.75 mm (15-25 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 18.75 mm (15-25 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): drupe (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): brown (2); green (1); red (1); yellow (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 361.91 mm2 (243.44-602.41 mm2) [sources: Staples_2019]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 45 mm (20-70 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 12 mm (3-25 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 139.59 mg (92.6-229.9 mg) [sources: Staples_2019]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.4 cm (0.3-0.5 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 385.43 g/m2 (338.41-459.22 g/m2) [sources: Staples_2019]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (2); narrowly_elliptical (1); oblanceolate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): attenuate (1) [sources: SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1); not_glaucous (1) [sources: SAH_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): opposite (1) [sources: SAH_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (3) [sources: Munroe_2019; Pate_1998; White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (9); tree (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Barrett_2009; Pate_1998; SAH_2022; Shedley_2007; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Pate_1998; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: Pate_1998; White_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): hemiparasitic (1); parasitic (2); root_parasitic (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (1); vertebrates (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nyyyyynnnnnn (1); yyyyyyyyyyyy (1) [sources: WAH_1998; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (3) [sources: Barrett_2009; Shedley_2007]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): morphophysiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -27.41 {delta}[ppth] (-27.41--27.41 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Pate_1998]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1556.12 mg (1000-2112.24 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.84 mg/mm3 (0.78-0.91 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Staples_2019375T. Staples, J. M. Dwyer, J. R. England, and M. M. Mayfield. “Productivity does not correlate with species and functional diversity in Australian reforestation plantings across a wide climate gradient”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 28.10 (2019), pp. 1417-1429. doi: 10.1111/geb.12962.
White_20202020M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
ABRS_20231318Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
SAH_20231216S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Barrett_200969S. Barrett, S. Comer, N. McQuoid, M. Porter, C. Tiller, and D. Utber. Identification and Conservation of Fire Sensitive Ecosystems and Species of the South Coast Natural Resource Management Region.. government. Department of Conservation and Land Management, South Coast Region, Western Australia, 2009.
Shedley_200749E. F. Shedley. Fire and Biodiversity Guidelines for the Avon Basin: Consultant Report to the Avon Catchment Council and the Department of Environment and Conservation, August 2007. Tech. rep. Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, 2007.
Pate_199866J. S. Pate, M. J. Unkovich, P. D. Erskine, and G. R. Stewart. “Australian mulga ecosystems- 13C and 15N natural abundances of biota components and their ecophysiological significance”. Plant, Cell and Environment 21.12 (1998), pp. 1231-1242. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00359.x.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
SAH_201424J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
SAH_202244S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_200624L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Ilic_200013J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_612Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ABRS_198111B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.