Senecio quadridentatus

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Family Asteraceae

Taxonomy: Senecio quadridentatus Labill.

Synonyms: 7 (APC 2026-07-30)

Erechthites quadridentata Benth. (nomenclatural synonym)
Erechtites erectus F.Muell. ex Lange (doubtful taxonomic synonym)
Erechtites incanus Turcz. (taxonomic synonym)
Erechtites quadridentata DC. (nomenclatural synonym)
Erechtites quadridentatus (Labill.) DC. (nomenclatural synonym)
Erechtites quadridentatus (Labill.) DC. var. quadridentatus (nomenclatural synonym)
Neoceis tomentosa Cass. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (13), Catford_2014 (6), Cheal_2017 (7), Cross_2009 (4), Doherty_2021 (3), Draper_2023 (3), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kew_2019_5 (1), Kew_2019_6 (3), Leishman_1992 (7), Lunt_2012 (1), Meers_2007 (11), Mokany_2015 (1), Morgan_2011_1 (5), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (1), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (16), NSWFRD_2014 (6), Pickup_2021 (15), Purdie_1976 (8), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (14), SAH_2014 (4), SAH_2022 (4), SAH_2023 (12), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Standish_2019 (8), Sweedman_2006 (3), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wheeler_2002 (10), White_2020 (18), Williams_2005 (5), Williams_2011 (8), Yang_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 65 traits from 233 records in 41 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (9) [sources: Cheal_2017; Doherty_2021; Meers_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976; Standish_2019]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (6) [sources: Cheal_2017; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976; Yang_2023]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): gynomonoecious (1); hermaphrodite (1); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 3.12 mm (2.5-4.5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): achene (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): brown (4); green (4); orange (1); red (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 665.35 mm2 (140-1384.8 mm2) [sources: Leishman_1992; Meers_2007; Mokany_2015]
leaf_length (numerical): 99.5 mm (15-220 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_width (numerical): 6.5 mm (2-15 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 41.93 g/m2 (31.36-52.49 g/m2) [sources: Cross_2009; Meers_2007]
leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); linear (4); narrowly_lanceolate (2); narrowly_oblanceolate (1); triangular (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (4); toothed (1); toothed_dentate (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_margin_posture (categorical): revolute (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (1); unlobed (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): revolute (1) [sources: SAH_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Munroe_2019; White_2020]
plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (16) [sources: ABRS_2022; Catford_2014; Leishman_1992; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; Wheeler_2002; White_2020; Williams_2011]
life_form (categorical): chamaephyte (1); hemicryptophyte (2); phanerophyte (1); therophyte (1) [sources: Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; Purdie_1976; Williams_2005; Williams_2011]
life_history (categorical): annual (2); perennial (13); short_lived_perennial (1) [sources: Catford_2014; Cheal_2017; Cross_2009; Jordan_2001; Leishman_1992; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2022; Purdie_1976; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Wheeler_2002; Williams_2005]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): decumbent (3); erect (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: Meers_2007; Standish_2019; White_2020; Williams_2011]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (3) [sources: Meers_2007; Standish_2019; Williams_2011]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
pollination_system (categorical): biotic_unspecialised (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (10) [sources: Catford_2014; Draper_2023; Kew_2019_5; Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; NSWFRD_2014; Purdie_1976; White_2020; Williams_2005; Williams_2011]
dispersers (categorical): wind (4) [sources: Draper_2023; NSWFRD_2014; Purdie_1976; White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyn (2); ynnnnnyyyyyy (1); yyynnnnnnyyy (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; WAH_1998; White_2020]
seedbank_location (categorical): none (4); soil_seedbank (2); soil_seedbank_absent (1) [sources: Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Standish_2019; Williams_2005]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1); transient (3); widely_dispersed (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; Pickup_2021; White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (4) [sources: Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; White_2020; Williams_2005]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
storage_organ (categorical): no_storage_organ (1) [sources: Leishman_1992]
bud_bank_location (categorical): none (1) [sources: Doherty_2021]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 35.8 mg/g (35.8-35.8 mg/g) [sources: Standish_2019]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.7 mg/g (1.7-1.7 mg/g) [sources: Standish_2019]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.17 mg (0.13-0.2 mg) [sources: Catford_2014; Cross_2009; Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1992; Lunt_2012; Meers_2007]
seed_length (numerical): 2.5 mm (2.5-2.5 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
seed_width (numerical): 1.5 mm (1.5-1.5 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.86 m (0.2-1.5 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Leishman_1992; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; WAH_2023_2; Wheeler_2002]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
White_2020	18	18	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
NHNSW_2023	12	16	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Pickup_2021	5	15	M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
RBGV_2023	11	14	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
ABRS_2023	11	13	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
SAH_2023	10	12	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Meers_2007	11	11	T. Meers. “Role of plant functional traits in determining the response of vegetation to land use change on the Delatite Peninsula, Victoria.”. PhD. University of Melbourne, 2007.
Wheeler_2002	8	10	J. R. Wheeler, N. G. Marchant, and M. Lewington. Flora of the south west: Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark. Australian Biological Resources Study ; University of Western Australia Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780642568168.
Purdie_1976	8	8	R. W. Purdie and R. O. Slatyer. “Vegetation succession after fire in sclerophyll woodland communities in south-eastern Australia”. Australian Journal of Ecology 1 (1976), pp. 223-236.
Standish_2019	8	8	R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
Williams_2011	8	8	R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Cheal_2017	7	7	D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Jordan_2001	7	7	G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
Leishman_1992	7	7	M. R. Leishman and M. Westoby. “Classifying plants into groups on the basis of associations of individual traits-Evidence from Australian semi-arid woodlands”. Journal of Ecology 80 (1992), pp. 417-424. doi: 10.2307/2260687.
Catford_2014	6	6	J. A. Catford, W. K. Morris, P. A. Vesk, C. J. Gippel, and B. J. Downes. “Species and environmental characteristics point to flow regulation and drought as drivers of riparian plant invasion”. Diversity and Distributions 20 (2014), pp. 1084-1096. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12225.
NSWFRD_2014	6	6	B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Morgan_2011_1	5	5	J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Grassy woodland traits, La Trobe University”. 2011.
Williams_2005	5	5	N. S. G. Williams, J. W. Morgan, M. J. McDonnell, and M. A. McCarthy. “Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban-rural gradient”. Journal of Ecology 93.6 (2005), pp. 1203-1213. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01039.x.
Cross_2009	4	4	E. Cross. “The characteristics of natives and invaders: A trait-based investigation into the theory of limiting similarity.”. Honours. La Trobe University, 2009.
NHNSW_2022	4	4	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_2022	4	4	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_2014	2	4	J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
SAH_2022	4	4	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2022_2	4	4	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Doherty_2021	3	3	M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Draper_2023	3	3	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Kew_2019_6	1	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Sweedman_2006	1	3	L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
Kew_2019_1	1	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_2023_2	1	2	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_5	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Lunt_2012	1	1	I. Lunt and J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Trait data from various Morgan and Lunt projects 1990-2012, Charles Sturt & La Trobe University”. 2012.
Mokany_2015	1	1	K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
NHNSW_2014_2	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Yang_2023	1	1	S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.