AusTraits

Senna artemisioides

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Fabaceae

Taxonomy: Senna artemisioides (Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell

Synonyms: 2 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Cassia artemisiaefolia R.Br. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Cassia artemisioides Gaudich. ex DC. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, SA, Qld, NSW, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (8), Barrett_2009 (1), Chen_2017 (4), Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Crowley_2007 (2), Draper_2023 (3), Hughes_2005 (5), Jurado_1991 (6), Jurado_1992 (3), Kew_2019_1 (7), Leishman_1992 (7), McGlone_2015 (6), Morgan_2005 (12), Munroe_2019 (1), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (5), Onoda_2010 (35), Pate_1998 (6), Pickup_2005 (5), RBGV_2022 (3), RBGV_2023 (12), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Shedley_2007 (5), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Staples_2019 (5), Stewart_1995 (3), Sweedman_2006 (4), Vesk_2004 (13), Vesk_2019 (544), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2003 (4), Westoby_2014 (41), White_2020 (38), Wright_2001 (4), Wright_2002 (145), Zanne_2007 (18). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 119 traits from 978 records in 40 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (5); partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (1) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; RussellSmith_2012; Shedley_2007; Vesk_2004; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1); post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Clarke_2015; Shedley_2007]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 75 mm (50-100 mm) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 11.5 mm (8-15 mm) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): legume (4) [sources: Chen_2017; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3) [sources: Chen_2017; NTH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 111.77 mm2 (17-317.99 mm2) [sources: Jurado_1991; Leishman_1992; Morgan_2005; Pickup_2005; Westoby_2003; Westoby_2014; Wright_2002]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 25 mm (15-30 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_1981]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 3.5 mm (1-6 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_1981]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 307.34 g/m2 (218.82-424.96 g/m2) [sources: Morgan_2005; Pickup_2005; Vesk_2004; Westoby_2003; Westoby_2014; Wright_2002; Zanne_2007]
  • leaf_area_ratio (numerical): 1.6 mm2/mg (1.6-1.6 mm2/mg) [sources: Pickup_2005]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.38 g/g (0.35-0.4 g/g) [sources: Vesk_2004]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): compound (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; McGlone_2015; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: NTH_2023; RBGV_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (4) [sources: Munroe_2019; Pate_1998; White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (14) [sources: Barrett_2009; Jurado_1991; Leishman_1992; McGlone_2015; NTH_2022; Pate_1998; RBGV_2022; Shedley_2007; Vesk_2004; Vesk_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (6) [sources: Leishman_1992; NTH_2022; Pate_1998; RBGV_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): nitrogen_fixer (2); non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Pate_1998; White_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (2) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (3) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (1); epizoochory (3); hydrochory (1); zoochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023; Jurado_1991; White_2020]
  • dispersers (categorical): abiotic (1); animals (1); birds (2); water (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnyyynnnn (1); nnnnnyyyyyyn (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Shedley_2007]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (3) [sources: RussellSmith_2012; White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): physical_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (2) [sources: White_2020]
  • storage_organ (categorical): no_storage_organ (1) [sources: Leishman_1992]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (1); none (1) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 17.52 mg/g (16.43-19.9 mg/g) [sources: Westoby_2014; Wright_2002]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.67 mg/g (0.53-0.85 mg/g) [sources: Westoby_2014; Wright_2002]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -26.14 {delta}[ppth] (-27.75--25.3 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Pate_1998; Stewart_1995; Westoby_2014; Wright_2002]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 13.27 mg (5.14-33.87 mg) [sources: Jurado_1991; Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1992; Wright_2001]
  • seed_length (numerical): 4 mm (4-4 mm) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.84 mg/mm3 (0.69-1.07 mg/mm3) [sources: Hughes_2005; Morgan_2005; Onoda_2010; Pickup_2005; Staples_2019; Westoby_2014; Zanne_2007]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Pickup_2005; Westoby_2014; Zanne_2007]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 144 {count}/mm2 (144-144 {count}/mm2) [sources: Hughes_2005]
  • stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 24 um (24-24 um) [sources: Hughes_2005]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.08 mm2/mm2 (0.08-0.08 mm2/mm2) [sources: Hughes_2005]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Vesk_20193544P. A. Vesk and J. D. L. Yen. “Plant resprouting: How many sprouts and how deep? Flexible modelling of multispecies experimental disturbances.”. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 41 (2019), p. 125497. doi: 10.1016/j.ppees.2019.125497.
Wright_200234145I. J. Wright and M. Westoby. “Leaves at low versus high rainfall: Coordination of structure, lifespan and physiology”. New Phytologist 155 (2002), pp. 403-416. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00479.x.
Westoby_20143341S. M. Gleason, D. W. Butler, K. Zieminska, P. Waryszak, and M. Westoby. “Stem xylem conductivity is key to plant water balance across Australian angiosperm species”. Functional Ecology 26 (2012), pp. 343-352. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01962.x.
White_20201938M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Onoda_2010735Y. Onoda, A. E. Richards, and M. Westoby. “The relationship between stem biomechanics and wood density is modified by rainfall in 32 Australian woody plant species”. New Phytologist 185.2 (2009), pp. 493-501. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03088.x.
Zanne_2007618A. Zanne. “Unpublished data: Hydraulic traits for NSW plant species from four field sites, Macquarie University”. 2007.
Vesk_2004513P. A. Vesk, M. R. Leishman, and M. Westoby. “Simple traits do not predict grazing response in Australian dry shrublands and woodlands”. Journal of Applied Ecology 41.1 (2004), pp. 22-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00857.x.
Morgan_2005712H. Morgan. “Root system architecture, water use and rainfall responses of perennial species”. PhD. Macquarie University, 2005.
RBGV_2023912VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
ABRS_198168B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Kew_2019_117Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Leishman_199277M. R. Leishman and M. Westoby. “Classifying plants into groups on the basis of associations of individual traits-Evidence from Australian semi-arid woodlands”. Journal of Ecology 80 (1992), pp. 417-424. doi: 10.2307/2260687.
Jurado_199166E. Jurado. “Diaspore weight, dispersal, growth form and perenniality of central Australian plants”. Journal of Ecology 79 (1991), pp. 811-828.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
Pate_199866J. S. Pate, M. J. Unkovich, P. D. Erskine, and G. R. Stewart. “Australian mulga ecosystems- 13C and 15N natural abundances of biota components and their ecophysiological significance”. Plant, Cell and Environment 21.12 (1998), pp. 1231-1242. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00359.x.
Hughes_200555K. Hughes. “Unpublished data: Wood and stem density data for Australian plant species, Macquarie University”. 2005.
NTH_202355D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Pickup_200555M. Pickup, M. Westoby, and A. Basden. “Dry mass costs of deploying leaf area in relation to leaf size”. Functional Ecology 19.1 (2005), pp. 88-97. doi: 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2005.00927.x.
Shedley_200755E. F. Shedley. Fire and Biodiversity Guidelines for the Avon Basin: Consultant Report to the Avon Catchment Council and the Department of Environment and Conservation, August 2007. Tech. rep. Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, 2007.
Staples_201915T. Staples, J. M. Dwyer, J. R. England, and M. M. Mayfield. “Productivity does not correlate with species and functional diversity in Australian reforestation plantings across a wide climate gradient”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 28.10 (2019), pp. 1417-1429. doi: 10.1111/geb.12962.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
RussellSmith_201244J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_200624L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
Westoby_200344M. Westoby and I. J. Wright. “The leaf size - twig size spectrum and its relationship to other important spectra of variation among species”. Oecologia 135 (2003), pp. 621-628. doi: 10.1007/s00442-003-1231-6.
Wright_200124I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Seed mass reserve data for various species in NSW, Macquarie University”. 2001.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Jurado_199213E. Jurado and M. Westoby. “Germination biology of selected central Australian plants”. Austral Ecology 17.3 (1992), pp. 341-348. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1992.tb00816.x.
NTH_202233D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
RBGV_202233VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Stewart_199513G. Stewart, M. Turnbull, S. Schmidt, and P. Erskine. “13C natural abundance in plant communities along a rainfall gradient: a biological integrator of water availability”. Functional Plant Biology 22.1 (1995), pp. 51-55. doi: 10.1071/pp9950051.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Crowley_200722G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Barrett_200911S. Barrett, S. Comer, N. McQuoid, M. Porter, C. Tiller, and D. Utber. Identification and Conservation of Fire Sensitive Ecosystems and Species of the South Coast Natural Resource Management Region.. government. Department of Conservation and Land Management, South Coast Region, Western Australia, 2009.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.