Solanum esuriale

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Family Solanaceae

Taxonomy: Solanum esuriale Lindl.

Synonyms: 7 (APC 2026-07-30)

Solanum ellipticum f. inermis Wawra (taxonomic synonym)
Solanum esuriale Lindl. f. esuriale (nomenclatural synonym)
Solanum esuriale Lindl. var. esuriale (nomenclatural synonym)
Solanum esuriale f. rubro-aurantiacum Domin (taxonomic synonym)
Solanum esuriale f. xanthocarpum Domin (taxonomic synonym)
Solanum esuriale var. sublobatum Domin (taxonomic synonym)
Solanum pulchellum F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, SA, Qld, NSW, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (24), ANBG_2019 (7), Draper_2023 (3), Fonseca_2000 (13), Kew_2019_1 (4), Kew_2019_6 (1), Leishman_1992 (7), Moles_2003 (4), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (4), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (18), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (7), RBGV_2022 (3), RBGV_2023 (23), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (23), Sjostrom_2006 (3), Soliveres_2012 (2), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (20). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 59 traits from 192 records in 28 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (1) [sources: White_2020]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): blue_purple (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 12.5 mm (10-15 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 12.5 mm (10-15 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
fruit_height (numerical): 12.5 mm (10-15 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): berry (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (2) [sources: Sjostrom_2006; Soliveres_2012]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): brown (4); yellow (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 234 mm2 (140.1-350.2 mm2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Leishman_1992]
leaf_length (numerical): 54.17 mm (20-100 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 9.9 mm (5-30 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 33.67 mg (29-42 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000]
petiole_length (numerical): 0.83 cm (0.5-1.5 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 169.56 g/m2 (120.48-212.77 g/m2) [sources: Fonseca_2000]
leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (4); oblong (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_base_shape (categorical): cuneate (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (3); undulate (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (1); lobed_shallow (3); unlobed (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): conduplicate (1); undulate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; SAH_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Munroe_2019; White_2020]
plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (10); shrub (1); subshrub (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Fonseca_2000; Leishman_1992; Moles_2003; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Soliveres_2012; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
life_history (categorical): perennial (9) [sources: ABRS_2022; Leishman_1992; Moles_2003; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1); open (1) [sources: NTH_2022]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: White_2020]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
dispersers (categorical): birds (1); vertebrates (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnnnn (1); nnyyyyynnnnn (1); nyyyyyyyyyyy (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; WAH_1998; White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: White_2020]
seed_viability (numerical): 0.93 {count}/{count} (0.93-0.93 {count}/{count}) [sources: Moles_2003]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]
storage_organ (categorical): no_storage_organ (1) [sources: Leishman_1992]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 2.02 mg (1.09-3.55 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1992]
seed_length (numerical): 2.64 mm (2-3.05 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
seed_width (numerical): 2.54 mm (2.54-2.54 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019]
seed_shape (categorical): comma-shaped (1); ovoid (1) [sources: ANBG_2019; SAH_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.31 m (0.1-0.5 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Leishman_1992; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; WAH_2023_2]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
ABRS_2023	15	24	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
RBGV_2023	15	23	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_2023	16	23	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
White_2020	20	20	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
NHNSW_2023	13	18	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Fonseca_2000	5	13	C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
ANBG_2019	6	7	Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Leishman_1992	7	7	M. R. Leishman and M. Westoby. “Classifying plants into groups on the basis of associations of individual traits-Evidence from Australian semi-arid woodlands”. Journal of Ecology 80 (1992), pp. 417-424. doi: 10.2307/2260687.
NTH_2023	7	7	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Kew_2019_1	1	4	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Moles_2003	4	4	A. T. Moles, D. I. Warton, and M. Westoby. “Seed size and survival in the soil in arid Australia”. Austral Ecology 28.5 (2003), pp. 575-585. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01314.x.
NHNSW_2014_2	4	4	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Sweedman_2006	2	4	L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Draper_2023	3	3	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
NHNSW_2022	3	3	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NTH_2022	3	3	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
RBGV_2022	3	3	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_2022	3	3	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	3	3	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2022_2	3	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Soliveres_2012	2	2	S. Soliveres, D. J. Eldridge, F. Hemmings, and F. T. Maestre. “Nurse plant effects on plant species richness in drylands: The role of grazing, rainfall and species specificity”. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 14 (2012), pp. 402-410. doi: 10.1016/j.ppees.2012.09.003.
WAH_2023_2	1	2	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_6	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.