AusTraits

Solanum nigrum

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Solanaceae

Taxonomy: Solanum nigrum L.

Synonyms: 3 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Solanum nigrum L. subsp. nigrum (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Solanum nigrum subsp. schultesii (Opiz) Wessely (taxonomic synonym)
  • Solanum schultesii Opiz (taxonomic synonym)
Misapplied names: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Solanum opacum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché (misapplied)

Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), NT (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), LHI (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (12), Burrows_2008_2 (3), Burrows_2020 (2), Carey_2003 (3), Clarke_2015 (3), Cooper_2013 (14), Crowley_2007 (2), Doherty_2021 (3), Leishman_1992 (7), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (5), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (16), NSWFRD_2014 (5), NTH_2022 (4), NTH_2023 (2), Nano_2011 (2), Purdie_1976 (8), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (21), SAH_2022 (2), SAH_2023 (12), Sjostrom_2006 (3), Soliveres_2012 (2), Standish_2019 (6), Tsakalos_2020 (16), WAH_2022_1 (3), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_1 (2), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Yang_2023 (3). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 48 traits from 181 records in 34 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (11); resprouts (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Carey_2003; Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014; Nano_2011; Purdie_1976; Standish_2019; Yang_2023]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (3); post_fire_recruitment_absent (2) [sources: Carey_2003; Clarke_2015; Purdie_1976; Yang_2023]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 7 mm (6-8 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 7 mm (6-8 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 7 mm (6-8 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): berry (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (4) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006; Soliveres_2012; Tsakalos_2020]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): black (4); green (1); purple (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; WAH_2023_1]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 4000 mm2 (4000-4000 mm2) [sources: Leishman_1992]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 81.25 mm (40-130 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 46.25 mm (20-70 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 2 cm (1-3 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): ovate (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): cuneate (1); truncate (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (5); toothed (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (1); lobed_shallow (2); unlobed (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1); undulate (1) [sources: SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_glaucousness (categorical): not_glaucous (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1); hairy (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; SAH_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Munroe_2019; Tsakalos_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (13); shrub (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cooper_2013; Leishman_1992; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Soliveres_2012; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_form (categorical): therophyte (1) [sources: Purdie_1976]
  • life_history (categorical): annual (4); biennial (1); perennial (4); short_lived_perennial (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Leishman_1992; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; Purdie_1976; RBGV_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (9); semi_woody (1); woody (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (4); prostrate (1); spreading (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Standish_2019]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Standish_2019; Tsakalos_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): zoochory (2) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; Purdie_1976]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; NSWFRD_2014; Purdie_1976]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyn (1); nnnnnyyyynnn (1); yyyyyyyyyyyy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): none (1); soil_seedbank (3) [sources: Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014; Standish_2019; Yang_2023]
  • storage_organ (categorical): no_storage_organ (1) [sources: Leishman_1992]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); none (6) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Carey_2003; Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Doherty_2021; Nano_2011]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.25 mg (0.25-0.25 mg) [sources: Leishman_1992]
  • seed_length (numerical): 2 mm (1.8-2.2 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
RBGV_20231421VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
NHNSW_20231116N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Tsakalos_20201516J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
Cooper_20131114W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
ABRS_20231012Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
SAH_20231012S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Purdie_197688R. W. Purdie and R. O. Slatyer. “Vegetation succession after fire in sclerophyll woodland communities in south-eastern Australia”. Australian Journal of Ecology 1 (1976), pp. 223-236.
Leishman_199277M. R. Leishman and M. Westoby. “Classifying plants into groups on the basis of associations of individual traits-Evidence from Australian semi-arid woodlands”. Journal of Ecology 80 (1992), pp. 417-424. doi: 10.2307/2260687.
Standish_201966R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
NHNSW_2014_255Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_201455B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
NTH_202244D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Burrows_2008_233N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Carey_200333A. C. &. M. E. &. P. H. &. M. L. &. T. M. &. P. O. &. S. S. &. D. S. &. N. Webb. Wildfires in the ACT 2003: Report on Initial Impacts on Natural Ecosystems. Technical Report No. 17. Environment ACT, 2003. url: https://www.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2539593/17-wildfires-in-the-act-report-on-initial-impacts-on-natural-ecosystems-2003.pdf.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Doherty_202133M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200633A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2022_133Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Yang_202333S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
Burrows_202022N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Crowley_200722G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
NTH_202322D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Nano_201122C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
SAH_202222S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Soliveres_201222S. Soliveres, D. J. Eldridge, F. Hemmings, and F. T. Maestre. “Nurse plant effects on plant species richness in drylands: The role of grazing, rainfall and species specificity”. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 14 (2012), pp. 402-410. doi: 10.1016/j.ppees.2012.09.003.
WAH_2023_122Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.