Sonchus hydrophilus

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Family Asteraceae

Taxonomy: Sonchus hydrophilus Boulos

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Sonchus asper f. hydrophilus (Boulos) J.Kost. (nomenclatural synonym)

Misapplied names: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Sonchus asper var. gracilis Albert (misapplied)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (12), Cheal_2017 (7), Draper_2023 (3), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_6 (3), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (15), RBGV_2022 (3), RBGV_2023 (18), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (20), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Tsakalos_2020 (18), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (19), Williams_2011 (9). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 54 traits from 154 records in 22 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); resprouts (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; White_2020]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1) [sources: Cheal_2017]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 3.42 mm (2.7-4.2 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 1.65 mm (1.3-2 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): achene (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Sjostrom_2006; Tsakalos_2020]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): brown (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 250 mm (50-400 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 28.33 mm (10-60 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (4); narrowly_oblanceolate (2); oblanceolate (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2); toothed (3); toothed_dentate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (4); lobed_deep (2); unlobed (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1); not_glaucous (3) [sources: RBGV_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020; White_2020]
plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (8) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
life_form (categorical): therophyte (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
life_history (categorical): annual (7); biennial (5); perennial (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cheal_2017; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (7); woody_root (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020; Williams_2011]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020; White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
pollination_system (categorical): biotic_unspecialised (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (3) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020; Williams_2011]
dispersers (categorical): wind (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnnnn (1); yyyyyyyyyyyy (3) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_1998; White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1); widely_dispersed (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: SAH_2023]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.34 mg (0.34-0.34 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 1.15 m (0.5-1.8 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; WAH_2023_2]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020; White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
SAH_2023	12	20	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
White_2020	19	19	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
RBGV_2023	10	18	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Tsakalos_2020	17	18	J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
NHNSW_2023	11	15	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ABRS_2023	10	12	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Williams_2011	9	9	R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Cheal_2017	7	7	D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2022_2	4	4	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Draper_2023	3	3	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Kew_2019_6	1	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_2014_2	3	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2022	3	3	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_2022	3	3	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_2022	3	3	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_2	1	2	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.