AusTraits

Stylidium graminifolium

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Family Stylidiaceae

Taxonomy: Stylidium graminifolium Sw.

Synonyms: 10 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Candollea canaliculata Steud. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Candollea graminifolia (Sw.) F.Muell. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Stylidium canaliculatum Poir. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Stylidium graminifolium Sw. f. graminifolium (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Stylidium graminifolium Sw. var. graminifolium (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Stylidium graminifolium var. album F.M.Bailey (taxonomic synonym)
  • Stylidium graminifolium var. angustifolium Mildbr. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Stylidium graminifolium var. α Hook. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Stylidium majus (Sm.) Druce (taxonomic synonym)
  • Ventenatia major Sm. (taxonomic synonym)
Misapplied names: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Stylidium lineare Sw. (misapplied)

Distribution (APC): SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ANBG_2019 (14), Angevin_2011 (6), Carey_2003 (3), Cheal_2017 (5), Cross_2009 (4), Doherty_2021 (2), Draper_2023 (3), Farrell_2017 (42), Hughes_1992 (3), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (3), Kubiak_2009 (5), Lunt_2012 (2), Meers_2007 (11), Mokany_2015 (2), Morgan_2011_1 (5), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (12), NSWFRD_2014 (12), Ooi_2007 (101), Pickering_2014 (4), Pickup_2021 (15), Purdie_1976 (3), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (21), SAH_2014 (4), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (12), Sjostrom_2006 (4), TMAG_2009 (14), Tolsma_2007 (7), Vesk_2007 (6), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wheeler_2002 (10), White_2020 (40), Williams_2005 (5), Williams_2011 (9), Wright_2000 (7), eFLOWER_2021 (48). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 108 traits from 469 records in 42 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); partial_resprouting (3); resprouts (10) [sources: Carey_2003; Cheal_2017; Doherty_2021; Kubiak_2009; Meers_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976; Tolsma_2007; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (5); post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Carey_2003; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): pink (1); red_brown (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 7.33 mm (3-12 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 4 mm (3-5 mm) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 4 mm (3-5 mm) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (5) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (5) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 540.45 mm2 (235.4-1178.1 mm2) [sources: Angevin_2011; Meers_2007; Mokany_2015; Pickering_2014]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 148 mm (30-300 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014; TMAG_2009; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 2.75 mm (1-6 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014; TMAG_2009; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 118.73 g/m2 (96.49-181.49 g/m2) [sources: Angevin_2011; Cross_2009; Meers_2007; Pickering_2014; Vesk_2007]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.27 g/g (0.21-0.33 g/g) [sources: Angevin_2011; Pickering_2014]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): linear (4); strap-shaped (1); subulate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; TMAG_2009; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2); toothed (1); toothed_serrate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): revolute (2) [sources: RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023; TMAG_2009; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_arrangement (categorical): crowded (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (4) [sources: Munroe_2019; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid (1); herb (15); tussock (1) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Pickering_2014; Pickup_2021; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; TMAG_2009; Tolsma_2007; Vesk_2007; Wenk_2022; Wheeler_2002; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): chamaephyte (2); hemicryptophyte (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; Williams_2005; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (11); short_lived_perennial (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; Cross_2009; Jordan_2001; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; TMAG_2009; Tolsma_2007; Wenk_2023; Wheeler_2002; Williams_2005]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (4) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1); rhizomatous (1) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: TMAG_2009]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1); ectomycorrhizal (1) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (2) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (3) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): biotic_unspecialised (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (2); epizoochory (1); undefined (2); zoochory (3) [sources: Angevin_2011; Draper_2023; Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (1); invertebrates (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnyyy (1); nnnnnnnnyyyy (2); ynnnnnnyyyyy (2); yyyyynnnyyyy (1) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; TMAG_2009; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (5) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Williams_2005]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (6) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): morphophysiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Ooi_2007]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (3); vegetative (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; White_2020; Williams_2005]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): rhizome (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); bud-bearing_root (2) [sources: Carey_2003; Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.18 mg (0.1-0.51 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Angevin_2011; Cross_2009; Kew_2019_1; Lunt_2012; Meers_2007; Ooi_2007; Williams_2005]
  • seed_length (numerical): 1.53 mm (1-2 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Jordan_2001; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; TMAG_2009]
  • seed_width (numerical): 0.67 mm (0.63-0.71 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Jordan_2001]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ellipsoid (2); sectoroid (1) [sources: ANBG_2019; SAH_2023; TMAG_2009]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Ooi_20072101M. K. J. Ooi, P. Myerscough, and T. Auld. “Unpublished data: Longterm seed mass field campaign, University of New South Wales”. 2007.
eFLOWER_20212748J. Schönenberger, M. Balthazar, A. L. Martinez, B. Albert, C. Prieu, S. Magallon, and H. Sauquet. “Phylogenetic analysis of fossil flowers using an angiosperm-wide data set: proof-of-concept and challenges ahead”. American Journal of Botany 107.10 (2020), pp. 1433-1448. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1538.
Farrell_2017642C. Farrell, C. Szota, and S. K. Arndt. “Does the turgor loss point characterize drought response in dryland plants?”. Plant, Cell & Environment 40.8 (2017), pp. 1500-1511. doi: 10.1111/pce.12948.
White_20202040M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
RBGV_20231621VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Pickup_2021515M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
ANBG_2019414Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
TMAG_20091114Tasmanian Herbarium. Flora of Tasmania Online. 2009. url: http://www.tmag.tas.gov.au/floratasmania.
NHNSW_2023912N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_20141012B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
SAH_20231112S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Meers_20071111T. Meers. “Role of plant functional traits in determining the response of vegetation to land use change on the Delatite Peninsula, Victoria.”. PhD. University of Melbourne, 2007.
Wheeler_2002810J. R. Wheeler, N. G. Marchant, and M. Lewington. Flora of the south west: Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark. Australian Biological Resources Study ; University of Western Australia Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780642568168.
Williams_201199R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Jordan_200177G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
Tolsma_200767A. D. Tolsma, S. M. Read, and K. G. Tolhurst. “Roots of Australian alpine plant species contain high levels of stored carbohydrates independent of post-fire regeneration strategy”. Australian Journal of Botany 55.8 (2007), pp. 771-779. doi: 10.1071/BT06216.
Wright_200077I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Angevin_201166T. Angevin. “Species richness and functional trait diversity response to land use in a temperate eucalypt woodland community”. Honours. La Trobe University, 2011.
Vesk_200726P. Vesk. “Unpublished data: Leaf traits for flora of Falls Creek Victoria, University of Melbourne”. 2007.
Cheal_201755D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Kubiak_200935P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Morgan_2011_155J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Grassy woodland traits, La Trobe University”. 2011.
Williams_200555N. S. G. Williams, J. W. Morgan, M. J. McDonnell, and M. A. McCarthy. “Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban-rural gradient”. Journal of Ecology 93.6 (2005), pp. 1203-1213. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01039.x.
Cross_200944E. Cross. “The characteristics of natives and invaders: A trait-based investigation into the theory of limiting similarity.”. Honours. La Trobe University, 2009.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Pickering_201444C. Pickering, K. Green, A. A. Barros, and S. Venn. “A resurvey of late-lying snowpatches reveals changes in both species and functional composition across snowmelt zones”. Alpine Botany 124.2 (2014), pp. 93-103. doi: 10.1007/s00035-014-0140-0.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_201424J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Carey_200333A. C. &. M. E. &. P. H. &. M. L. &. T. M. &. P. O. &. S. S. &. D. S. &. N. Webb. Wildfires in the ACT 2003: Report on Initial Impacts on Natural Ecosystems. Technical Report No. 17. Environment ACT, 2003. url: https://www.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2539593/17-wildfires-in-the-act-report-on-initial-impacts-on-natural-ecosystems-2003.pdf.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Hughes_199233L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Kew_2019_113Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_2014_233Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Purdie_197633R. W. Purdie and R. O. Slatyer. “Vegetation succession after fire in sclerophyll woodland communities in south-eastern Australia”. Australian Journal of Ecology 1 (1976), pp. 223-236.
SAH_202233S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Doherty_202122M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Lunt_201212I. Lunt and J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Trait data from various Morgan and Lunt projects 1990-2012, Charles Sturt & La Trobe University”. 2012.
Mokany_201522K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.