Synaphea spinulosa

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Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Synaphea spinulosa (Burm.f.) Merr.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Polypodium spinulosum Burm.f. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (3), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (14), Chen_2017 (4), Clarke_2015 (2), Collette_2021 (1), Enright_2014 (31), Gosper_2012 (6), Jordan_2020 (20), Munroe_2019 (1), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Tsakalos_2022 (2), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 49 traits from 101 records in 17 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (17) [sources: Clarke_2015; Enright_2014; Gosper_2012]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (15); post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Clarke_2015; Enright_2014]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 4.25 mm (3.5-5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): nut (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 2459.98 mm2 (2459.98-2459.98 mm2) [sources: Jordan_2020]
leaf_length (numerical): 45 mm (20-70 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 50 mm (30-70 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
petiole_length (numerical): 1.25 cm (0.5-2 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 243.82 g/m2 (243.82-243.82 g/m2) [sources: Jordan_2020]
leaf_shape (categorical): triangular (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): toothed_dentate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Jordan_2020]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Jordan_2020]
leaf_lamina_division (categorical): tripartite (1) [sources: Jordan_2020]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): concave (1); undulate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Jordan_2020]
leaf_stomatal_density_abaxial (numerical): 66.85 {count}/mm2 (66.85-66.85 {count}/mm2) [sources: Jordan_2020]
leaf_stomatal_density_adaxial (numerical): 72.76 {count}/mm2 (72.76-72.76 {count}/mm2) [sources: Jordan_2020]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Munroe_2019]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Gosper_2012; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Jordan_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1); spreading (1) [sources: WAH_2022_2]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnyyyyyyy (1) [sources: WAH_1998]
seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank_absent (1); soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Enright_2014; Gosper_2012]
serotiny (categorical): not_serotinous (1) [sources: Gosper_2012]
seed_dormancy_class (categorical): physiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.6 m (0.2-1.2 m) [sources: ABRS_1981; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Enright_2014	3	31	N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, B. B. Lamont, B. P. Miller, and V. C. Westcott. “Resistance and resilience to changing climate and fire regime depend on plant functional traits”. Journal of Ecology 102 (2014), pp. 1572-1581. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12306.
Jordan_2020	20	20	G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
ABRS_2023	10	14	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Gosper_2012	6	6	C. R. Gosper, C. J. Yates, and S. M. Prober. “Changes in plant species and functional composition with time since fire in two mediterranean climate plant communities”. Journal of Vegetation Science 23.6 (2012), pp. 1071-1081. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01434.x.
Chen_2017	4	4	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2022_2	4	4	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_1981	3	3	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_2015	2	2	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Tsakalos_2022	2	2	J. L. Tsakalos, G. Ottaviani, S. Chelli, A. Rea, S. Elder, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Plant clonality in a soil-impoverished open ecosystem: insights from southwest Australian shrublands”. Annals of Botany 130.7 (2022), pp. 981-990. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcac131.
WAH_2023_2	1	2	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_2021	1	1	J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.