AusTraits

Synoum glandulosum

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Meliaceae

Taxonomy: Synoum glandulosum (Sm.) A.Juss.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Trichilia glandulosa Sm. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (16), Baker_2019 (2), Benwell_2024 (4), Campbell_2006 (6), Clarke_2009 (3), Clarke_2015 (3), Cooper_2013 (15), Cunningham_1999 (14), Falster_2003 (3), Fonseca_2000 (25), Grootemaat_2015 (229), Grootemaat_2017_2 (30), Hughes_1992 (5), Ilic_2000 (2), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kotowska_2020 (188), Kubiak_2009 (2), Laxton_2005 (11), Leishman_1993 (1), Leishman_1995 (7), Moles_2000 (3), NHNSW_2014_2 (1), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (24), NSWFRD_2014 (3), Niinemets_2009 (74), Onoda_2010 (35), RadfordSmith_2024 (44), Sams_2017 (7), Smith_1996 (110), Tsujii_2023 (8), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2004 (25), White_2020 (19), Wright_2000 (7), Wright_2001 (2), Wright_2002 (69), Wright_2009 (39), Zanne_2007 (24), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (30). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 199 traits from 1,101 records in 42 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); resprouts (7) [sources: Baker_2019; Benwell_2024; Campbell_2006; Clarke_2015; Kubiak_2009; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (3) [sources: Benwell_2024; Campbell_2006; Clarke_2015]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): pink (1); white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 14.25 mm (10-20 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 17.25 mm (10-27 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 15 mm (10-20 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3); fleshy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; Leishman_1995; Sams_2017; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; Sams_2017; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): red (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 3466.92 mm2 (865-20355.67 mm2) [sources: Falster_2003; Fonseca_2000; Grootemaat_2015; Laxton_2005; Moles_2000; Niinemets_2009; RadfordSmith_2024; Smith_1996; Westoby_2004; Wright_2002]
  • leaflet_area (numerical): 1400.56 mm2 (738.5-2275.39 mm2) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 115.52 mm (40-300 mm) [sources: Grootemaat_2015; Smith_1996; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 32.32 mm (15-45 mm) [sources: Cunningham_1999; Fonseca_2000; Grootemaat_2015; Smith_1996; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 192.37 mg (50.95-711 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Grootemaat_2015; RadfordSmith_2024; Smith_1996]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 3.75 cm (2-6 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 88.14 g/m2 (62.06-198.3 g/m2) [sources: Cunningham_1999; Fonseca_2000; Grootemaat_2015; Kotowska_2020; Laxton_2005; Leishman_1995; Moles_2000; Niinemets_2009; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017; Smith_1996; Tsujii_2023; Westoby_2004; Wright_2002; Zanne_2007]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.28 g/g (0.25-0.33 g/g) [sources: Cunningham_1999; RadfordSmith_2024; Smith_1996]
  • leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.65 g/g (0.82-2.94 g/g) [sources: Grootemaat_2015; Smith_1996]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (2); oblanceolate (1); oblong (1); obovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): acute (1); attenuate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): compound (4); simple (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Falster_2003; NHNSW_2023; Westoby_2004]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Moles_2000]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 31.4 deg (0-50 deg) [sources: Falster_2003; Smith_1996]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Cunningham_1999; White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (4); tree (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Campbell_2006; Clarke_2009; Cooper_2013; Fonseca_2000; Hughes_1992; Leishman_1995; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: Cunningham_1999; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: Cunningham_1999; White_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (4) [sources: Hughes_1992; Leishman_1995; RadfordSmith_2024; White_2020]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (2); flying_vertebrates (1); vertebrates (2) [sources: Campbell_2006; Cooper_2013; Leishman_1995; Sams_2017; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnyyyyynnnn (1); nnyyyyynnnnn (1); yynnnnnnnnny (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; Hughes_1992; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): none (2) [sources: Benwell_2024; Campbell_2006]
  • serotiny (categorical): not_serotinous (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (3); basal_stem_buds (3) [sources: Baker_2019; Campbell_2006; Clarke_2009; Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 15.58 mg/g (9.8-20.31 mg/g) [sources: Cunningham_1999; Grootemaat_2015; Grootemaat_2017_2; Kotowska_2020; Laxton_2005; Niinemets_2009; Smith_1996; Tsujii_2023; Wright_2002]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.88 mg/g (0.4-2.43 mg/g) [sources: Grootemaat_2015; Grootemaat_2017_2; Kotowska_2020; Niinemets_2009; Smith_1996; Tsujii_2023; Wright_2002]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -28.68 {delta}[ppth] (-29.04--27.55 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Niinemets_2009; Wright_2002]
physiology
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 196.57 mg (130.07-249.27 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1993; Leishman_1995; Wright_2001]
  • seed_length (numerical): 14 mm (11-17 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.52 mg/mm3 (0.33-0.61 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000; Kotowska_2020; Onoda_2010; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017; Westoby_2004; Zanne_2007]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Kotowska_2020; Zanne_2007]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 89.77 {count}/mm2 (14.18-203.76 {count}/mm2) [sources: Kotowska_2020]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.09 mm2/mm2 (0.07-0.13 mm2/mm2) [sources: Kotowska_2020]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Grootemaat_201519229S. Grootemaat, I. J. Wright, P. M. Bodegom, J. H. C. Cornelissen, and W. K. Cornwell. “Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species”. Functional Ecology 29.11 (2015), pp. 1486-1497. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12449.
Kotowska_202022188M. M. Kotowska, I. J. Wright, and M. Westoby. “Parenchyma abundance in wood of evergreen trees varies independently of nutrients”. Frontiers in Plant Science 11 (2020), p. art86. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00086.
Smith_199617110B. Smith. “Community-level convergence and community structure of temperate Nothofagus forests”. PhD. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 1996. url: http://web.nateko.lu.se/personal/benjamin.smith/thesis/thesis.html.
Niinemets_20092674Ü. Niinemets, I. J. Wright, and J. R. Evans. “Leaf mesophyll diffusion conductance in 35 Australian sclerophylls covering a broad range of foliage structural and physiological variation”. Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (2009), pp. 2433-2449. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp045.
Wright_20023469I. J. Wright and M. Westoby. “Leaves at low versus high rainfall: Coordination of structure, lifespan and physiology”. New Phytologist 155 (2002), pp. 403-416. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00479.x.
RadfordSmith_20241644J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
Wright_20091339I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Leaf pigment and reflectance data for sclerophylls, Macquarie University”. 2009.
Onoda_2010735Y. Onoda, A. E. Richards, and M. Westoby. “The relationship between stem biomechanics and wood density is modified by rainfall in 32 Australian woody plant species”. New Phytologist 185.2 (2009), pp. 493-501. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03088.x.
Grootemaat_2017_2730S. Grootemaat, I. J. Wright, P. M. van Bodegom, and J. H. C. Cornelissen. “Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds”. Oikos 126.10 (2017), pp. 1428-1438. doi: 10.1111/oik.03886.
eFLOWER_Dun_20222430L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
Fonseca_2000525C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
Westoby_2004425M. Westoby. “Unpublished data: Trait data for plant species at Mt Wellington and Sea Acres, Macquarie University”. 2004.
NHNSW_20231624N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Zanne_2007624A. Zanne. “Unpublished data: Hydraulic traits for NSW plant species from four field sites, Macquarie University”. 2007.
White_20201919M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
ABRS_20231016Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Cooper_20131215W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Cunningham_19991414S. A. Cunningham, B. Summerhayes, and M. Westoby. “Evolutionary divergences in leaf structure and chemistry, comparing rainfall and soil nutrient gradients”. Ecological Monographs 69 (1999), pp. 569-588. doi: [10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0569:EDILSA]2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1890%2F0012-9615%281999%29069%5B0569%3AEDILSA%5D2.0.CO%3B2).
Laxton_20051111E. Laxton. “Relationship between leaf traits, insect communities and resource availability”. PhD. Macquarie University, 2005. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/483.
Tsujii_202388Y. Tsujii, B. J. Atwell, H. Lambers, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf phosphorus fractions vary with leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species”. New Phytologist 241.5 (2024), pp. 1985-1997. ISSN: 1469-8137. doi: 10.1111/nph.19513.
Leishman_199577M. R. Leishman, M. Westoby, and E. Jurado. “Correlates of seed size variation: A comparison among five temperate floras”. Journal of Ecology 83 (1995), pp. 517-529. doi: 10.2307/2261604.
Sams_201777M. A. Sams, H. R. Lai, S. P. Bonser, P. A. Vesk, R. M. Kooyman, D. J. Metcalfe, J. W. Morgan, and M. M. Mayfield. “Landscape context explains changes in the functional diversity of regenerating forests better than climate or species richness”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 26.10 (2017), pp. 1165-1176. doi: 10.1111/geb.12627.
Wright_200077I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Campbell_200666M. L. Campbell and P. J. Clarke. “Response of montane wet sclerophyll forest understorey species to fire- evidence from high and low intensity fires”. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 127 (2006), pp. 63-73. doi: unknown.
Hughes_199255L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Benwell_202444A. Benwell. “Fire responses of flora in a sclerophyll-rainforest vegetation complex in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales”. Australian Journal of Botany 72.1 (2024). Ed. by D. Williams. ISSN: 1444-9862. doi: 10.1071/bt23049.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_200923P. J. Clarke, K. J. E. Knox, M. L. Campbell, and L. M. Copeland. “Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion”. Cunninghamia 11 (2009), pp. 221-239. doi: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/4907.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Falster_200333D. S. Falster and M. Westoby. “Leaf size and angle vary widely across species: what consequences for light interception?”. New Phytologist 158.3 (2003), pp. 509-525. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00765.x.
Moles_200033A. T. Moles and M. Westoby. “Do small leaves expand faster than large leaves, and do shorter expansion times reduce herbivore damage?”. OIKOS 90.3 (2000), pp. 517-524. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900310.x..
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_201433B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Baker_201922A. Baker. “Unpublished data: Post-fire fire-response surveys on the NSW north coast, Southern Cross University”. 2019.
Ilic_200012J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kubiak_200912P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Wright_200122I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Seed mass reserve data for various species in NSW, Macquarie University”. 2001.
Leishman_199311M. Leishman. “Unpublished data: Seed mass data for Sydney species, Macquarie University”. 1990.
NHNSW_2014_211Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.