AusTraits

Terminalia catappa

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Combretaceae

Taxonomy: Terminalia catappa L.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Myrobalanus catappa (L.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): ChI, NT, Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (1), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (19), ATRP_2020 (1), Chen_2017 (4), Cooper_2013 (14), Crowley_2007 (2), Gross_2005 (4), Kew_2019_1 (4), Kew_2019_3 (3), Kew_2019_5 (1), Kooyman_2011 (10), NTH_2014 (4), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (15), Nano_2011 (2), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Sjostrom_2006 (3), Stephens_2023 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (9), Zanne_2009 (1), eFLOWER_2021 (31). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 75 traits from 142 records in 24 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (1) [sources: Crowley_2007; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): monoecious (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 63.67 mm (50-80 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 38.17 mm (25-50 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): anthocarp (2); drupe (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (1); fleshy (4) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (5) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): purple (1); red (2); yellow (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_length (numerical): 207.5 mm (100-330 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 122.75 mm (70-170 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.1 cm (0.4-2 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): obovate (1); widely_obovate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): attenuate (1); cordate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2014]
  • leaf_arrangement (categorical): crowded (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Kew_2019_3]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): tree (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NTH_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NTH_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): deciduous (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2014]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: Stephens_2023]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): hydrochory (1) [sources: Kew_2019_5]
  • dispersers (categorical): bats (1); birds (1); cassowaries (1) [sources: Cooper_2013]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnnyyy (1); yyyyynnnnyyy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2014]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (2) [sources: Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 2480.62 mg (1117-3914.7 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
  • seed_length (numerical): 39.75 mm (27-65 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 30 mm (20-40 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.46 mg/mm3 (0.46-0.46 mg/mm3) [sources: Zanne_2009]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 33.75 m (15-40 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
eFLOWER_20212831J. Schönenberger, M. Balthazar, A. L. Martinez, B. Albert, C. Prieu, S. Magallon, and H. Sauquet. “Phylogenetic analysis of fossil flowers using an angiosperm-wide data set: proof-of-concept and challenges ahead”. American Journal of Botany 107.10 (2020), pp. 1433-1448. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1538.
ABRS_20231419Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NTH_20231015D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Cooper_20131114W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Kooyman_2011810R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Wright_200099I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Gross_200544C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
Kew_2019_114Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NTH_201444Northern Territory Herbarium. Flora of the Darwin Region Online. 2014. url: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium/darwin_flora_online.
RussellSmith_201244J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Kew_2019_333Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Salt and water tolerance data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NTH_202233D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200633A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Crowley_200722G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Nano_201122C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ABRS_198111B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
ATRP_202011F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Kew_2019_511Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Stephens_202311R. E. Stephens, R. V. Gallagher, L. Dun, W. Cornwell, and H. Sauquet. “Insect pollination for most of angiosperm evolutionary history”. New Phytologist 240.2 (2023), pp. 880-891. ISSN: 1469-8137. doi: 10.1111/nph.18993.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Zanne_200911A. E. Zanne, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, D. A. Coomes, J. Ilic, S. Jansen, S. L. Lewis, R. B. Miller, N. G. Swenson, M. C. Wiemann, and J. Chave. “Data from: Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum”. Dryad Digital Repository (2009). doi: 10.5061/dryad.234.