Terminalia ferdinandiana

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Family Combretaceae

Taxonomy: Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell

Synonyms: 3 (APC 2026-07-30)

Myrobalanus edulis Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)
Terminalia edulis F.Muell. (nomenclatural synonym)
Terminalia latipes subsp. psilocarpa Pedley (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (1), Brock_1993 (12), Clarke_2015 (3), Crowley_2007 (2), Eamus_1998 (15), Eamus_1999 (10), Kew_2019_1 (1), Lawes_2012 (1), Lord_1997 (4), Moles_2011 (7), Munroe_2019 (1), Myers_1997 (25), NTH_2014 (4), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (16), Nano_2011 (2), Prior_2003 (202), Rice_1991 (1), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Schmidt_2003 (36), Sjostrom_2006 (3), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 68 traits from 362 records in 26 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); resprouts (4) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012; Schmidt_2003]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): andromonoecious (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 25 mm (20-30 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 15 mm (12-18 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): green (1); yellow (1) [sources: NTH_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 14784.41 mm2 (9170-22431 mm2) [sources: Moles_2011; Prior_2003]
leaf_length (numerical): 185 mm (50-330 mm) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 143 mm (50-235 mm) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
petiole_length (numerical): 6.5 cm (1.2-11.8 cm) [sources: NTH_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 108.63 g/m2 (89.56-129.19 g/m2) [sources: Eamus_1998; Eamus_1999; Moles_2011; Prior_2003]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.28 g/g (0.09-0.4 g/g) [sources: Moles_2011; Myers_1997; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003]
leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.68 g/g (1.51-1.88 g/g) [sources: Prior_2003]
leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); obovate (1); widely_elliptical (1); widely_ovate (1) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
leaf_base_shape (categorical): truncate (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (7) [sources: ABRS_1981; Brock_1993; Eamus_1998; Eamus_1999; NTH_2014; Prior_2003]
leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Moles_2011]
leaf_hairs_immature_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Moles_2011]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: NTH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (6) [sources: Eamus_1998; Eamus_1999; Munroe_2019; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (3); tree (12) [sources: Brock_1993; Eamus_1998; Eamus_1999; Lord_1997; Moles_2011; NTH_2022; Prior_2003; Rice_1991; Schmidt_2003; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2022; Schmidt_2003; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): spreading (1) [sources: WAH_2022_2]
leaf_phenology (categorical): deciduous (9) [sources: Brock_1993; Eamus_1998; Eamus_1999; Myers_1997; NTH_2014; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (5) [sources: Eamus_1998; Eamus_1999; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Schmidt_2003]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): zoochory (1) [sources: Lord_1997]
dispersers (categorical): vertebrates (1) [sources: Lord_1997]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnyyy (1); nnnnnnnnyyyn (1); yynnnnnnnyyy (1) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2014; WAH_1998]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (2); epicormic_buds (3) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 13.04 mg/g (8-18.3 mg/g) [sources: Eamus_1998; Eamus_1999; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.86 mg/g (0.76-1.04 mg/g) [sources: Prior_2003]
leaf_delta13C (numerical): -28.06 {delta}[ppth] (-28.68--27.26 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Schmidt_2003]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 357.5 mg (348.2-366.8 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Lord_1997]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 9.33 m (4-14 m) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2023; WAH_2023_2]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: Moles_2011]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Prior_2003	21	202	L. D. Prior, D. Eamus, and D. M. J. S. Bowman. “Leaf attributes in the seasonally dry tropics: A comparison of four habitats in northern Australia”. Functional Ecology 17 (2003), pp. 504-515. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00761.x.
Schmidt_2003	12	36	S. Schmidt and G. R. Stewart. “d15N values of tropical savanna and monsoon forest species reflect root specialisations and soil nitrogen status”. Oecologia 134 (2003), pp. 569-577. doi: 10.1007/s00442-002-1150-y.
Myers_1997	8	25	B. A. Myers, G. A. Duff, D. Eamus, I. R. Fordyce, A. O'Grady, and R. J. Williams. “Seasonal Variation in Water Relations of Trees of Differing Leaf Phenology in a Wet - Dry Tropical Savanna near Darwin, Northern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany 45.2 (1997), p. 225. doi: 10.1071/bt96015.
NTH_2023	11	16	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Eamus_1998	15	15	D. Eamus and H. Prichard. “A cost-benefit analysis of leaves of four Australian savanna species”. Tree Physiology 18 (1998), pp. 537-545. doi: 10.1093/treephys/18.8-9.537.
Brock_1993	9	12	J. Brock and A. Dunlop. Native plants of northern Australia. Reed New Holland, 1993. ISBN: 9781877069246.
Eamus_1999	10	10	D. Eamus, B. Myers, G. Duff, and D. Williams. “Seasonal changes in photosynthesis of eight savanna tree species”. Tree Physiology 19 (1999), pp. 665-671. doi: 10.1093/treephys/19.10.665.
Moles_2011	7	7	A. T. Moles, I. R. Wallis, W. J. Foley, D. I. Warton, J. C. Stegen, A. J. Bisigato, L. Cella-Pizarro, C. J. Clark, P. S. Cohen, W. K. Cornwell, W. Edwards, R. Ejrnaes, T. Gonzales-Ojeda, B. J. Graae, G. Hay, F. C. Lumbwe, B. Magana-Rodriguez, B. D. Moore, P. L. Peri, J. R. Poulsen, R. Veldtman, H. von Zeipel, N. R. Andrew, S. L. Boulter, E. T. Borer, F. F. Campon, M. Coll, A. G. Farji-Brener, J. D. Gabriel, E. Jurado, L. A. Kyhn, B. Low, C. P. H. Mulder, K. Reardon-Smith, J. Rodriguez-Velazquez, E. W. Seabloom, P. A. Vesk, A. van Cauter, M. S. Waldram, Z. Zheng, P. G. Blendinger, B. J. Enquist, J. M. Facelli, T. Knight, J. D. Majer, M. Martinez-Ramos, P. McQuillan, and L. D. Prior. “Putting plant resistance traits on the map: A test of the idea that plants are better defended at lower latitudes”. New Phytologist 191.3 (2011), pp. 777-788. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03732.x.
Lord_1997	4	4	J. Lord, J. Egan, T. Clifford, E. Jurado, M. Leishman, D. Williams, and M. Westoby. “Larger seeds in tropical floras: Consistent patterns independent of growth form and dispersal mode”. Journal of Biogeography 24 (1997), pp. 205-211. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00126.x.
NTH_2014	4	4	Northern Territory Herbarium. Flora of the Darwin Region Online. 2014. url: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium/darwin_flora_online.
RussellSmith_2012	4	4	J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
WAH_2022_2	4	4	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Clarke_2015	3	3	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
NTH_2022	3	3	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	3	3	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Crowley_2007	2	2	G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Nano_2011	2	2	C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ABRS_1981	1	1	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Lawes_2012	1	1	M. J. Lawes, J. J. Midgley, and P. J. Clarke. “Costs and benefits of relative bark thickness in relation to fire damage: A savanna/forest contrast”. Journal of Ecology 101 (2012), pp. 517-524. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12035.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Rice_1991	1	1	B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Growth form of Kakadu plant species, Macquarie University”. 1991.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
WAH_2023_2	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.