AusTraits

Toechima tenax

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Sapindaceae

Taxonomy: Toechima tenax (Benth.) Radlk.

Synonyms: 5 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Cupania tenax (Benth.) F.Muell. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Cupania tenax Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Lepidopetalum australis Ewart (taxonomic synonym)
  • Lepidopetalum tenax (Benth.) Ewart (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Ratonia tenax Benth. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (1), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (21), ANBG_2019 (5), Butler_2004 (5), Chen_2017 (5), Cooper_2013 (12), Gardiner_2019 (32), Kooyman_2011 (11), McCarthy_2017 (11), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (25), RadfordSmith_2024 (44), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (4). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 51 traits from 191 records in 17 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): monoecious (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 20.83 mm (15-35 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 20 mm (15-25 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 20 mm (15-25 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (5) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): orange (1); red (2); yellow (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 4915.84 mm2 (2393.45-7613.95 mm2) [sources: Gardiner_2019; McCarthy_2017; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaflet_area (numerical): 780.63 mm2 (598.36-1012.32 mm2) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 60.83 mm (30-150 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 20 mm (10-30 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 151.79 mg (44.77-363.1 mg) [sources: Gardiner_2019; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.62 cm (1-2.5 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 75.39 g/m2 (51.17-105.89 g/m2) [sources: Gardiner_2019; McCarthy_2017; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.33 g/g (0.26-0.38 g/g) [sources: Gardiner_2019; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (2); obovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): acute (1); attenuate (2); cuneate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (1); undulate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): compound (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (1); tree (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (2) [sources: Butler_2004; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • dispersers (categorical): vertebrates (1) [sources: Butler_2004]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnyyynnnnn (1) [sources: Cooper_2013]
seed morphology
  • seed_length (numerical): 6.9 mm (5-9.19 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 5.24 mm (5-6 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Butler_2004; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ellipsoid (1); ovoid (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; ANBG_2019]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.66 mg/mm3 (0.58-0.78 mg/mm3) [sources: Gardiner_2019; Kooyman_2011; McCarthy_2017; RadfordSmith_2024]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 21 m (18-30 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
RadfordSmith_20241644J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
Gardiner_2019832R. Gardiner, L. P. Shoo, and J. M. Dwyer. “Look to seedling heights, rather than functional traits, to explain survival during extreme heat stress in the early stages of subtropical rainforest restoration”. Journal of Applied Ecology 56.12 (2019), pp. 2687-2697. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13505.
NHNSW_20231725N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ABRS_20231521Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Cooper_20131012W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Kooyman_2011911R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
McCarthy_2017311J. K. McCarthy, J. M. Dwyer, and K. Mokany. “A regional-scale assessment of using metabolic scaling theory to predict ecosystem properties”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286.1915 (2019), p. 20192221. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2221.
ANBG_201955Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Butler_200455D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
Chen_201755Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Wright_200044I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ABRS_198111B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.