Trithuria submersa

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Family Hydatellaceae

Taxonomy: Trithuria submersa Hook.f.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Juncella submersa (Hook.f.) Hieron. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, SA, NSW, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (4), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (12), Draper_2023 (3), Jordan_2001 (6), Mokany_2015 (3), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (4), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (7), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (12), Sjostrom_2006 (4), TMAG_2009 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (5), WAH_2023_2 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wheeler_2002 (10), White_2020 (19), Williams_2011 (8), eFLOWER_2021 (15). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 66 traits from 138 records in 24 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1) [sources: White_2020]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1); monoecious (3) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006; WAH_2022_2]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 0.55 mm (0.5-0.6 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): capsule (3) [sources: RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): red (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 23.56 mm2 (23.56-23.56 mm2) [sources: Mokany_2015]
leaf_length (numerical): 24.5 mm (5-40 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_width (numerical): 1 mm (1-1 mm) [sources: ABRS_1981; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_shape (categorical): linear (2); strap-shaped (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Wheeler_2002]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; NHNSW_2014_2; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
leaf_arrangement (categorical): crowded (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (10) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; TMAG_2009; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; Wheeler_2002; White_2020; Williams_2011]
life_form (categorical): therophyte (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
life_history (categorical): annual (8); ephemeral (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Jordan_2001; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; TMAG_2009; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Wheeler_2002]
plant_growth_substrate (categorical): aquatic (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; RBGV_2022; WAH_2022_2]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: White_2020]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (1); wind (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1); barochory (1); epizoochory (1); zoochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020; Williams_2011]
dispersers (categorical): abiotic (1); animals (1); birds (1); passive (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnnyy (1); nnnnnnnnyyyn (2); ynnnnnnnyyyy (1); yynnnnnnyyyn (1) [sources: ABRS_1981; NHNSW_2014_2; TMAG_2009; WAH_1998; White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: SAH_2023]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.06 mg (0.06-0.06 mg) [sources: Mokany_2015]
seed_length (numerical): 0.5 mm (0.4-0.8 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001; ABRS_1981; ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
seed_width (numerical): 0.2 mm (0.2-0.2 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.08 m (0.04-0.1 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Mokany_2015; WAH_2023_2; Wheeler_2002]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
White_2020	19	19	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
eFLOWER_2021	15	15	J. Schönenberger, M. Balthazar, A. L. Martinez, B. Albert, C. Prieu, S. Magallon, and H. Sauquet. “Phylogenetic analysis of fossil flowers using an angiosperm-wide data set: proof-of-concept and challenges ahead”. American Journal of Botany 107.10 (2020), pp. 1433-1448. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1538.
ABRS_2023	11	12	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
SAH_2023	11	12	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Wheeler_2002	8	10	J. R. Wheeler, N. G. Marchant, and M. Lewington. Flora of the south west: Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark. Australian Biological Resources Study ; University of Western Australia Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780642568168.
Williams_2011	8	8	R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
RBGV_2023	6	7	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Jordan_2001	6	6	G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
WAH_2022_2	5	5	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_1981	4	4	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
ABRS_2022	4	4	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_2023	3	4	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_2022	4	4	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
TMAG_2009	4	4	Tasmanian Herbarium. Flora of Tasmania Online. 2009. url: http://www.tmag.tas.gov.au/floratasmania.
Draper_2023	3	3	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Mokany_2015	3	3	K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
NHNSW_2014_2	3	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2022	3	3	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
SAH_2022	3	3	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
WAH_2023_2	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.