AusTraits

Viola betonicifolia subsp. betonicifolia

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Violaceae

Taxonomy: Viola betonicifolia Sm. subsp. betonicifolia

Synonyms: 7 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Viola betonicifolia Sm. f. betonicifolia (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Viola betonicifolia Sm. var. betonicifolia (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Viola betonicifolia subsp. australiensis W.Becker (taxonomic synonym)
  • Viola betonicifolia var. longiscapa DC. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Viola longiscapa (DC.) G.Don (taxonomic synonym)
  • Viola phyteumaefolia G.Don (taxonomic synonym)
  • Viola phyteumifolia G.Don (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (17), ANBG_2019 (1), Cheal_2017 (8), Kew_2019_1 (1), Morgan_2014 (1), Pickering_2014 (4), RBGV_2022 (3), RBGV_2023 (18), TMAG_2009 (12), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (20), Williams_2011 (10). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 54 traits from 101 records in 14 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
fruit morphology
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 177.11 mm2 (177.11-177.11 mm2) [sources: Pickering_2014]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 31.67 mm (10-60 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; TMAG_2009]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 15.67 mm (5-25 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; TMAG_2009]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 7 cm (2-12 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 58.21 g/m2 (58.21-58.21 g/m2) [sources: Pickering_2014]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.23 g/g (0.23-0.23 g/g) [sources: Pickering_2014]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (1); obovate (2); ovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; TMAG_2009]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): cordate (2); cuneate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (1); involute (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; TMAG_2009]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_arrangement (categorical): crowded (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Pickering_2014; RBGV_2022; TMAG_2009; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (4); short_lived_perennial (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cheal_2017; RBGV_2022; TMAG_2009; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): rosette (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: TMAG_2009]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): biotic_unspecialised (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): myrmecochory (1); zoochory (1) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): invertebrates (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnyyyy (1); yyynnnnnnyyy (1) [sources: TMAG_2009; White_2020]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1); transient (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; White_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1.35 mg (1.32-1.39 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
White_20202020M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
RBGV_20231518VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
ABRS_20231417Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
TMAG_20091012Tasmanian Herbarium. Flora of Tasmania Online. 2009. url: http://www.tmag.tas.gov.au/floratasmania.
Williams_20111010R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Cheal_201788D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Pickering_201444C. Pickering, K. Green, A. A. Barros, and S. Venn. “A resurvey of late-lying snowpatches reveals changes in both species and functional composition across snowmelt zones”. Alpine Botany 124.2 (2014), pp. 93-103. doi: 10.1007/s00035-014-0140-0.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
RBGV_202233VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ANBG_201911Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Morgan_201411J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Trait data from Victorian alpine plant species, La Trobe University”. 2004.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.