AusTraits

Waltheria indica

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Malvaceae

Taxonomy: Waltheria indica L.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Waltheria americana L. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Cooper_2013 (11), Crowley_2007 (2), Dong_2017 (15), Draper_2023 (3), Kew_2019_1 (15), Kew_2019_6 (27), Kooyman_2011 (13), Lord_1997 (2), Munroe_2019 (1), NTH_2022 (4), NTH_2023 (17), Nano_2011 (2), Rice_1991 (1), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Sjostrom_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (31). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 71 traits from 166 records in 23 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (3) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): yellow_orange (1) [sources: eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
  • flower_diameter (numerical): 0.35 cm (0.3-0.4 cm) [sources: eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 2.35 mm (2-2.7 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_length (numerical): 53.75 mm (10-100 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 25 mm (6-48 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.45 cm (0.4-2.5 cm) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 113.29 g/m2 (109.72-116.87 g/m2) [sources: Dong_2017]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (1); oblong (1); ovate (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): cordate (1); rounded (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): toothed_serrate (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Munroe_2019]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (3); shrub (6) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; Lord_1997; NTH_2022; Rice_1991; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (2); woody (3) [sources: NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (2) [sources: NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Dong_2017]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: Draper_2023]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (1); hydrochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023; Lord_1997]
  • dispersers (categorical): water (1) [sources: Draper_2023]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnyyyyyyyyyy (1); nyyyyyyyynnn (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; WAH_1998]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): physical_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (3) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 13.66 mg/g (13.39-13.93 mg/g) [sources: Dong_2017]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -29.29 {delta}[ppth] (-29.67--28.91 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Dong_2017]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1.85 mg (1.03-2.94 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
  • seed_length (numerical): 1.53 mm (1-2.4 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 1 mm (1-1 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 2.59 m (0.2-4 m) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
eFLOWER_Dun_20222531L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
Kew_2019_6127Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NTH_20231317D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Dong_2017815N. Dong, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, S. Caddy-Retalic, A. J. Lowe, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf nitrogen from first principles: field evidence for adaptive variation with climate”. Biogeosciences 14.2 (2017), pp. 481-495. doi: 10.5194/bg-14-481-2017.
Kew_2019_1115Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kooyman_2011913R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Cooper_2013911W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
NTH_202244D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
RussellSmith_201244J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Crowley_200722G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Lord_199722J. Lord, J. Egan, T. Clifford, E. Jurado, M. Leishman, D. Williams, and M. Westoby. “Larger seeds in tropical floras: Consistent patterns independent of growth form and dispersal mode”. Journal of Biogeography 24 (1997), pp. 205-211. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00126.x.
Nano_201122C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Rice_199111B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Growth form of Kakadu plant species, Macquarie University”. 1991.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.