Walwhalleya proluta

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Family Poaceae

Taxonomy: Walwhalleya proluta (F.Muell.) Wills & J.J.Bruhl

Synonyms: 4 (APC 2026-07-30)

Homopholis proluta (F.Muell.) R.D.Webster (nomenclatural synonym)
Panicum prolutum F.Muell. (basionym)
Panicum prolutum F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)
Whalleya proluta (F.Muell.) Wills & J.J.Bruhl (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): SA, Qld, NSW, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: Cheal_2017 (4), Draper_2023 (6), Firn_2019 (11), GrassBase_2014 (6), Kew_2019_6 (3), Leishman_1992 (6), Moore_2019_2 (55), NHNSW_2014 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (2), NSWFRD_2014 (5), Osborne_2014 (2), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (8), SAH_2014 (1), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (4), Sjostrom_2006 (4), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (80), Williams_2005 (4), Williams_2011 (7). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 58 traits from 225 records in 24 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (4); partial_resprouting (15); resprouts (5) [sources: Cheal_2017; Moore_2019_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 6 mo (6-6 mo) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_type (categorical): caryopsis (4) [sources: RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006; WAH_2023_2]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 719.02 mm2 (255-1605.24 mm2) [sources: Leishman_1992; Moore_2019_2]
leaf_length (numerical): 155 mm (20-200 mm) [sources: GrassBase_2014; RBGV_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 5.25 mm (2-7 mm) [sources: GrassBase_2014; RBGV_2023]
leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 152 mg (109-223 mg) [sources: Moore_2019_2]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 310.57 g/m2 (104.93-585.56 g/m2) [sources: Firn_2019; Moore_2019_2]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.27 g/g (0.24-0.3 g/g) [sources: Moore_2019_2]
leaf_shape (categorical): oblong (1) [sources: SAH_2023]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (2); involute (1) [sources: RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (6); c4 (1) [sources: Moore_2019_2; Osborne_2014; White_2020; Williams_2011]
plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid (5); herb (4); tussock (6) [sources: Firn_2019; Leishman_1992; NSWFRD_2014; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (2) [sources: Williams_2005; Williams_2011]
life_history (categorical): perennial (7); short_lived_perennial (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; Leishman_1992; Moore_2019_2; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Williams_2005]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (4) [sources: RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): rhizomatous (2); stoloniferous (1); tufted (1) [sources: Moore_2019_2; RBGV_2022]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: White_2020]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (4) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (4); self (2); wind (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (6); barochory (1); epizoochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020; Williams_2005; Williams_2011]
dispersers (categorical): wind (6) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnnnny (2); yyyynnnnyyyy (4); yyyyynnnnyyy (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (4) [sources: White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (5) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2005]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
storage_organ (categorical): no_storage_organ (1); rhizome (1) [sources: Leishman_1992; RBGV_2023]
bud_bank_location (categorical): bud-bearing_root (1) [sources: Moore_2019_2]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 26.05 mg/g (22.58-29.51 mg/g) [sources: Firn_2019]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.49 mg/g (1.07-1.91 mg/g) [sources: Firn_2019]
leaf_delta13C (numerical): -25.9 {delta}[ppth] (-25.9--25.9 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Osborne_2014]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.5 mg (0.5-0.5 mg) [sources: Leishman_1992]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.81 m (0.2-1 m) [sources: GrassBase_2014; NHNSW_2014_2; SAH_2014; WAH_2023_2]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (4) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
White_2020	20	80	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Moore_2019_2	12	55	N. A. Moore, J. S. Camac, and J. W. Morgan. “Effects of drought and fire on resprouting capacity of 52 temperate Australian perennial native grasses”. New Phytologist 221.3 (2018), pp. 1424-1433. doi: 10.1111/nph.15480.
Firn_2019	6	11	J. Firn, J. M. McGree, E. Harvey, H. Flores-Moreno, M. Schuetz, Y. M. Buckley, E. T. Borer, E. W. Seabloom, K. J. L. Pierre, A. M. MacDougall, S. M. Prober, C. J. Stevens, L. L. Sullivan, E. Porter, E. Ladouceur, C. Allen, K. H. Moromizato, J. W. Morgan, W. S. Harpole, Y. Hautier, N. Eisenhauer, J. P. Wright, P. B. Adler, C. A. Arnillas, J. D. Bakker, L. Biederman, A. A. D. Broadbent, C. S. Brown, M. N. Bugalho, M. C. Caldeira, E. E. Cleland, A. Ebeling, P. A. Fay, N. Hagenah, A. R. Kleinhesselink, R. Mitchell, J. L. Moore, C. Nogueira, P. L. Peri, C. Roscher, M. D. Smith, P. D. Wragg, and A. C. Risch. “Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs”. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3.3 (2019), pp. 400-406. doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0790-1.
RBGV_2023	8	8	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Williams_2011	7	7	R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Draper_2023	3	6	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
GrassBase_2014	3	6	W. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, and K. H. &. H. Williamson. GrassBase - The online world grass flora. 2006. url: http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html.
Leishman_1992	6	6	M. R. Leishman and M. Westoby. “Classifying plants into groups on the basis of associations of individual traits-Evidence from Australian semi-arid woodlands”. Journal of Ecology 80 (1992), pp. 417-424. doi: 10.2307/2260687.
NSWFRD_2014	5	5	B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Cheal_2017	4	4	D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
RBGV_2022	4	4	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_2023	4	4	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Williams_2005	4	4	N. S. G. Williams, J. W. Morgan, M. J. McDonnell, and M. A. McCarthy. “Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban-rural gradient”. Journal of Ecology 93.6 (2005), pp. 1203-1213. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01039.x.
Kew_2019_6	1	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
SAH_2022	3	3	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_2	3	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_2	2	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2014_2	2	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Osborne_2014	2	2	C. Osborne, A. Salomaa, T. Kluyver, V. Visser, E. Kellogg, O. Morrone, M. Vorontsova, W. Clayton, and D. Simpson. “A global database of C4 photosynthesis in grasses”. New Phytologist 204 (2014), pp. 441-446. doi: 10.1111/nph.12942.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
NHNSW_2014	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/search/simple.htm.
SAH_2014	1	1	J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.