Xanthorrhoea gracilis

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Family Xanthorrhoeaceae

Taxonomy: Xanthorrhoea gracilis Endl.

Synonyms: none listed in the APC 2026-07-30

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (4), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (6), Burrows_2008_2 (4), Burrows_2020 (4), Chen_2017 (5), Clarke_2015 (2), Goble_1981 (1), Kew_2019_1 (2), Pekin_2011 (5), Schmidt_1993 (2), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Standish_2019 (9), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wheeler_2002 (9). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 33 traits from 72 records in 20 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (5) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Clarke_2015; Pekin_2011; Standish_2019]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 9 mo (9-9 mo) [sources: Burrows_2020]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_type (categorical): capsule (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 550 mm (500-600 mm) [sources: Wheeler_2002]
leaf_width (numerical): 3 mm (2-4 mm) [sources: ABRS_1981; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 435 g/m2 (435-435 g/m2) [sources: Goble_1981]
leaf_shape (categorical): linear (1); obtriangular (1); obtrullate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Wheeler_2002]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_arrangement (categorical): crowded (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

life history

plant_growth_form (categorical): basal_large (1); herb (3); palmoid (1); shrub (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Schmidt_1993; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; Wheeler_2002]
life_history (categorical): perennial (8) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Pekin_2011; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Wheeler_2002]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (1); woody (1); woody_like_stem (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: Pekin_2011; Standish_2019]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (3) [sources: Pekin_2011; Schmidt_1993; Standish_2019]
flowering_time (categorical): ynnnnnnnnyyy (2); ynnnnnnnyyyy (1) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; WAH_1998]
seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Standish_2019]
bud_bank_location (categorical): apical_buds (2); basal_buds (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Pekin_2011]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 5.3 mg/g (5.3-5.3 mg/g) [sources: Standish_2019]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.3 mg/g (0.3-0.3 mg/g) [sources: Standish_2019]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 13.03 mg (9.15-14.98 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Standish_2019]
seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 2 m (2-2 m) [sources: WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Standish_2019	9	9	R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
Wheeler_2002	7	9	J. R. Wheeler, N. G. Marchant, and M. Lewington. Flora of the south west: Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark. Australian Biological Resources Study ; University of Western Australia Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780642568168.
ABRS_2023	6	6	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Chen_2017	5	5	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Pekin_2011	5	5	B. K. Pekin, R. S. Wittkuhn, M. M. Boer, C. Macfarlane, and P. F. Grierson. “Plant functional traits along environmental gradients in seasonally dry and fire-prone ecosystem”. Journal of Vegetation Science 22 (2011), pp. 1009-1020. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01323.x.
ABRS_1981	4	4	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Burrows_2008_2	4	4	N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_2020	4	4	N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_2006	2	4	L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
WAH_2022_2	3	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Clarke_2015	2	2	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Kew_2019_1	1	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Schmidt_1993	2	2	S. Schmidt. “Unpublished data: Compilation of mycorrhizal status data, University of Queensland”. 1993.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Goble_1981	1	1	E. Goble-Garratt, D. Bell, and W. Loneragan. “Floristic and leaf structure patterns along a shallow elevational gradient”. Australian Journal of Botany 29 (1981), pp. 329-347. doi: 10.1071/bt9810329.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
WAH_2023_2	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.