Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata

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Family Xanthorrhoeaceae

Taxonomy: Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata F.Muell.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Xanthorrhaea quadrangulata F.M.Bailey (orthographic variant)

Distribution (APC): SA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, SA eFlora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (4), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (7), Chen_2017 (5), Dong_2017 (29), Draper_2023 (3), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_6 (2), Munroe_2019 (1), SAH_2014 (2), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (10), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (17). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 48 traits from 94 records in 16 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 18 mm (15-21 mm) [sources: SAH_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): capsule (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3) [sources: Chen_2017; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_width (numerical): 2 mm (1.5-2.5 mm) [sources: SAH_2014]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 470.8 g/m2 (421.44-604.6 g/m2) [sources: Dong_2017]
leaf_shape (categorical): rhomboidal (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_arrangement (categorical): crowded (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Munroe_2019; White_2020]
plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (2); palmoid (1); tussock (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (2); woody_like_stem (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): rosette (1) [sources: SAH_2023]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: Dong_2017; White_2020]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1); barochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
dispersers (categorical): wind (1) [sources: Draper_2023]
flowering_time (categorical): nnyyyyyynnnn (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 9.12 mg/g (7.84-10.71 mg/g) [sources: Dong_2017]
leaf_delta13C (numerical): -27.53 {delta}[ppth] (-29.38--26.03 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Dong_2017]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 20.66 mg (20.66-20.66 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 10.5 mm (9-12 mm) [sources: SAH_2023]
seed_width (numerical): 3.5 mm (3-4 mm) [sources: SAH_2023]
seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 2 m (2-2 m) [sources: ABRS_1981]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Dong_2017	8	29	N. Dong, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, S. Caddy-Retalic, A. J. Lowe, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf nitrogen from first principles: field evidence for adaptive variation with climate”. Biogeosciences 14.2 (2017), pp. 481-495. doi: 10.5194/bg-14-481-2017.
White_2020	17	17	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
SAH_2023	7	10	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
ABRS_2023	7	7	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Chen_2017	5	5	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
ABRS_1981	4	4	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Draper_2023	3	3	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
SAH_2022	3	3	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Kew_2019_6	1	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
SAH_2014	1	2	J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.