AusTraits

Xanthostemon paradoxus

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Myrtaceae

Taxonomy: Xanthostemon paradoxus F.Muell.

Synonyms: 3 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Metrosideros paradoxa (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Nani paradoxa (F.Muell.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Nania paradoxa Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ANBG_2019 (2), Brock_1993 (11), Clarke_2015 (3), Crowley_2007 (2), Eamus_1999 (10), Gross_2005 (4), Kew_2019_1 (1), Lawes_2012 (6), Lord_1997 (3), Moles_2011 (7), Munroe_2019 (1), Myers_1997 (29), NTH_2014 (2), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (18), Nano_2011 (2), Prior_2003 (191), Rice_1991 (1), Rosell_2014 (8), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Schmidt_2003 (31), Schulze_1998 (13), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Stephens_2021 (1), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (1), Wright_2008 (17), Wright_2019 (461), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (25). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 114 traits from 870 records in 33 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (4) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): yellow_orange (1) [sources: eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 10 mm (7-13 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 10 mm (7-13 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 10 mm (7-13 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (3) [sources: Gross_2005; NTH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 6150.11 mm2 (3373-13647.33 mm2) [sources: Moles_2011; Prior_2003; Wright_2008; Wright_2019]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 116.25 mm (50-200 mm) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 59 mm (26-100 mm) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 799.99 mg (412-1778 mg) [sources: Wright_2019]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.2 cm (0.4-2 cm) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 121.13 g/m2 (80-277.78 g/m2) [sources: Eamus_1999; Moles_2011; Prior_2003; Schulze_1998; Wright_2008; Wright_2019]
  • leaf_mass_fraction (numerical): 0.25 g/g (0.13-0.5 g/g) [sources: Wright_2019]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.25 g/g (0.09-0.46 g/g) [sources: Moles_2011; Myers_1997; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003]
  • leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.41 g/g (1.16-1.85 g/g) [sources: Prior_2003]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); narrowly_elliptical (1); widely_elliptical (1) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): attenuate (1); obtuse (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: Brock_1993; Eamus_1999; NTH_2014; Prior_2003]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Moles_2011]
  • leaf_hairs_immature_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Moles_2011]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (4) [sources: Eamus_1999; Munroe_2019; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (2); tree (11) [sources: Brock_1993; Eamus_1999; Lord_1997; Moles_2011; NTH_2022; Prior_2003; Rice_1991; Schmidt_2003; Schulze_1998; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2022; Schmidt_2003; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (4); semi_deciduous (4) [sources: Brock_1993; Eamus_1999; Myers_1997; NTH_2014; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003; Schulze_1998]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (5) [sources: Eamus_1999; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003; Schulze_1998; Wright_2008]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Schmidt_2003]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (1) [sources: Lord_1997]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnyyyyyyynnn (2) [sources: Stephens_2021; WAH_1998]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): epicormic_buds (3) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 10.4 mg/g (2.02-14.83 mg/g) [sources: Eamus_1999; Prior_2003; Schmidt_2003; Schulze_1998; Wright_2008; Wright_2019]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.49 mg/g (0.4-0.83 mg/g) [sources: Prior_2003; Wright_2008; Wright_2019]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -26.8 {delta}[ppth] (-28.42--25.1 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Schmidt_2003; Schulze_1998; Wright_2019]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 4.88 mg (2.75-6.56 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1; Lord_1997]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.53 mg/mm3 (0.39-0.77 mg/mm3) [sources: Rosell_2014; Wright_2008; Wright_2019]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Wright_201937461I. J. Wright, J. Cooke, L. A. Cernusak, L. B. Hutley, M. C. Scalon, W. C. Tozer, and C. E. R. Lehmann. “Stem diameter growth rates in a fire-prone savanna correlate with photosynthetic rate and branch-scale biomass allocation, but not specific leaf area”. Austral Ecology 44.2 (2018), pp. 339-350. doi: 10.1111/aec.12678.
Prior_200321191L. D. Prior, D. Eamus, and D. M. J. S. Bowman. “Leaf attributes in the seasonally dry tropics: A comparison of four habitats in northern Australia”. Functional Ecology 17 (2003), pp. 504-515. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00761.x.
Schmidt_20031131S. Schmidt and G. R. Stewart. “d15N values of tropical savanna and monsoon forest species reflect root specialisations and soil nitrogen status”. Oecologia 134 (2003), pp. 569-577. doi: 10.1007/s00442-002-1150-y.
Myers_1997829B. A. Myers, G. A. Duff, D. Eamus, I. R. Fordyce, A. O'Grady, and R. J. Williams. “Seasonal Variation in Water Relations of Trees of Differing Leaf Phenology in a Wet - Dry Tropical Savanna near Darwin, Northern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany 45.2 (1997), p. 225. doi: 10.1071/bt96015.
eFLOWER_Dun_20221925L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
NTH_20231218D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Wright_2008917I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Trait data for Northern Territory savanna species, Macquarie University”. 2008.
Schulze_1998813E. -. Schulze, R. J. Williams, G. D. Farquhar, W. Schulze, J. Langridge, J. M. Miller, and B. H. Walker. “Carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination and nitrogen nutrition of trees along a rainfall gradient in northern Australia”. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25.4 (1998), pp. 413-425. doi: 10.1071/PP97113.
Brock_1993811J. Brock and A. Dunlop. Native plants of northern Australia. Reed New Holland, 1993. ISBN: 9781877069246.
Eamus_19991010D. Eamus, B. Myers, G. Duff, and D. Williams. “Seasonal changes in photosynthesis of eight savanna tree species”. Tree Physiology 19 (1999), pp. 665-671. doi: 10.1093/treephys/19.10.665.
Rosell_201488J. A. Rosell, S. Gleason, R. Mendez-Alonzo, Y. Chang, and M. Westoby. “Bark functional ecology: Evidence for tradeoffs, functional coordination, and environment producing bark diversity”. New Phytologist 201.2 (2014), pp. 486-497. doi: 10.1111/nph.12541.
Moles_201177A. T. Moles, I. R. Wallis, W. J. Foley, D. I. Warton, J. C. Stegen, A. J. Bisigato, L. Cella-Pizarro, C. J. Clark, P. S. Cohen, W. K. Cornwell, W. Edwards, R. Ejrnaes, T. Gonzales-Ojeda, B. J. Graae, G. Hay, F. C. Lumbwe, B. Magana-Rodriguez, B. D. Moore, P. L. Peri, J. R. Poulsen, R. Veldtman, H. von Zeipel, N. R. Andrew, S. L. Boulter, E. T. Borer, F. F. Campon, M. Coll, A. G. Farji-Brener, J. D. Gabriel, E. Jurado, L. A. Kyhn, B. Low, C. P. H. Mulder, K. Reardon-Smith, J. Rodriguez-Velazquez, E. W. Seabloom, P. A. Vesk, A. van Cauter, M. S. Waldram, Z. Zheng, P. G. Blendinger, B. J. Enquist, J. M. Facelli, T. Knight, J. D. Majer, M. Martinez-Ramos, P. McQuillan, and L. D. Prior. “Putting plant resistance traits on the map: A test of the idea that plants are better defended at lower latitudes”. New Phytologist 191.3 (2011), pp. 777-788. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03732.x.
Lawes_201216M. J. Lawes, J. J. Midgley, and P. J. Clarke. “Costs and benefits of relative bark thickness in relation to fire damage: A savanna/forest contrast”. Journal of Ecology 101 (2012), pp. 517-524. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12035.
Gross_200544C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
RussellSmith_201244J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Lord_199733J. Lord, J. Egan, T. Clifford, E. Jurado, M. Leishman, D. Williams, and M. Westoby. “Larger seeds in tropical floras: Consistent patterns independent of growth form and dispersal mode”. Journal of Biogeography 24 (1997), pp. 205-211. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00126.x.
NTH_202233D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ANBG_201912Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Crowley_200722G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
NTH_201422Northern Territory Herbarium. Flora of the Darwin Region Online. 2014. url: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium/darwin_flora_online.
Nano_201122C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Rice_199111B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Growth form of Kakadu plant species, Macquarie University”. 1991.
Stephens_202111R. Stephens. “Unpublished data: Flowering time data from TERN plots, Macquarie University.”. 2021.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Wright_200011I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.